Master of Science Degree in Entrepreneurship in Applied Technologies Personal Statement - 1

Master of Science Degree in Entrepreneurship in Applied Technologies - Personal Statement Example I worked as teaching assistant from the middle of 2008 until King Saud University awarded me scholarship to pursue higher education through my master degree in the U.S. with a bachelor degree in Business Administrative in Quantitative Methods as a theoretical background. As I was reviewing the University of South Florida’s (USF) program for the Master of Science Degree in Entrepreneurship in Applied Technologies (MS EAT), I was impressed with the profile of consolidating â€Å"Entrepreneurship education and training into a single interdisciplinary program† (MS EAT, par. 2). My academic background has provided the impetus for a strong drive to learn entrepreneurial and leadership skills that would be enhanced through your course modules focusing on new venture formation, product development and the design and application of strategies to global organizations. I am keen on honing my analytical, decision-making, interpersonal, communication, negotiation, and conflict resolution skills, among others. The multidisciplinary approach offered by USF would provide the essential theoretical orientation to entrepreneurship, as well as relevant applications required in contemporary global organizations. It has been my profound desire to apply what I would learn in Saudi Arabia as an instrumental promoter of new enterprises and a proactive collaborator of entrepreneurial skills that would spur economic development and professionalism in this field of endeavor. It has always been a passion to delve into personal and professional growth, not only for one’s benefit, but more so to the organization and community where I would be an instrumental part of, and to the country that I envision to give honor as honor is

China's One Child Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China's One Child Policy - Essay Example wever, if the first child turns out to be a girl, the couple is allowed to have a second sibling of the girl (BBC, â€Å"China dissident Chen Guangcheng arrives in the US†). The Chinese government was also observed to be majorly in the favor of the law of One-Child Policy, as it helped to control the massive population growth and thus reduce unemployment and redundancy issues. This was further expected to enhance the economic conditions of the country by a large extent. It is in this context that after the imposition of this law, the extent of population in Chinese economy reduced to a certain extent which proved quite beneficial for the government to facilitate the economic growth drivers in terms of wealth distribution and education among others (BBC, â€Å"Hong Kong to Limit Mainland China Maternity Services†). The law of One-Child Policy was established in the year 1979, in order to diminish the hastily increasing population of China and the further consequences led by such issues. The objective of this law was to impose a legal restriction on the couples, discouraging them from having more than one child. For this reason, it is also referred to as family planning policy. Even though it has often been noted to be misinterpreted by maximum citizens referring it as a forced strategy to have a single child, this law was principally implemented to enhance the development and well-being of the economy thereby reducing its level of paucity (Devichand, â€Å"China: Growing Old Before It Can Grow Rich?†). One-Child Policy can be regarded as a vital populace control approach which has been implemented by the Chinese government for the betterment of the economy. However, it also had a negative impact over the populace by enhancing the rate of female infanticide and strained abortions. It is in this context that abortions took place even at the final stages of pregnancy leading to varied types of complications towards the health of the female populace (Lim, â€Å"Enter the

My Favorite Hobby Is Writing Essay Example for Free

My Favorite Hobby Is Writing Essay My love of writing began in elementary school. English classes were great, but creative writing assignments made them better! I was more content with creative writing, rather than learning basic grammar rules. As I grew older, I didnt write much. It seems like I lost interest temporarily. All of that changed when I lost my grandfather in seventh grade, only to have my friend move after eighth. It was then I began writing again. Poetry was my friend. I wrote poems to help cope with emotional overload. I would like to write short stories. I have been unsuccessful at my attempts. This will not stop my efforts to do so. Ill just have to keep on trying. Im still writing creatively thirteen years later (in 2004). Although I havent many writings, I hope to have a professional writing career in the future. You never know, I might become famous one day. Im working at it! I cant imagine my life without writing. When I write, I lose myself. The world could knock on my door, and I would be deaf to the thunderous banging’s. In a world where its not hard to get hurt, writing is a comforting arm across my shoulder. I never knew Id come to love writing as much as I do. Writing is like a best friend. Friends that will never turn his/her back on me in troublesome times. My writing comforts me when Im upset, ; excites me when I think about certain people whom I cherish. When I get bad reviews or ratings? Its easy to sit cry. I may be disappointed, but not beaten. It just makes me want to write more. I know Im not the most perfect writer, and no one ever is. It takes time, but its worth the trials triumphs. I can write just as good as the next. Writing is my gift. The gift I received from the Divine Mother Father. I almost lost it, but they encouraged me to keep going. Once again, my passion for writing has overwhelmed my life. I do not regret it either. Im thankful that my Lord and Lady gave me another chance at writing. My gift is one I can honestly say Im proud of.

Fresh Water Distillate Pump

Fresh Water Distillate Pump INTRODUCTION . There was MOD vessel on the port and this vessel required a fresh water for the 50 crew on the ship. So i have to make a system to produce fresh water on that ship. But the problem is that the ship is at port and there is lot of waste present in the port sea water such as organic waste which contain mainly garbage ,untreated sewage which can discharge directly or indirectly in the sea.treaces of heavy metals also present mercury,cadmium,,chromium these heavy metals are dangerous to health and also to the environment.heavy metals such as zinc and lead may causes corrosion .beside of these there was sone anthropogenic source of waste present which are listed below. Mining effluents Domestic effluents Industrial effluents Shipping activities including those of motorised boats and canoes. Fertilizers pesticides Atmospheric sources such as gas flaring, incineration of domestic waste manly garbage. Petroleum industries activities. According to uk water regulation the perctange of some heavy metals must be at certain level CALCULATION Before choosing any generator I have to calculate the water which fulfil the requirement of 50 persons. In a ship one person can MAXIUM 600 to 800 litres per day. A person can use the fresh water for washing clothes, washing utensils, wash room, drinking, cooking, bathing, and etc. If we calculate the fresh water for the 50 persons isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦! 800*50= 40000 litres per day so i have to chose a system which is capable for the production of minim 40000 liter per day TYPES OF FREH WATER GENERATOR in an efficient engine, only about half of the heat in the fuel is converted into useful work some of the Heat energy is lost in the cooling systems and exhaust gas. but some of the heat lost is recovered . the Modern highly pressure charged engines have a large amount of energy in scavenge air cooling wateer and this can be provide as the source of heating to the bunkering .an other source of heat is jacket water cooling and it also contain considerable amount of heat and this heat can be recovered in the fresh water evaporator system which operate at the pressure giving a corresponding saturation temperature fo water lower the the jacket water entering in to the heating medium .gasses dissolved when water is heated to its saturation temperature. There are two methods for generating fresh water, 1.Reverse Osmosis 2. distillation. is generally used were large quantities of relatively low quality water is required. Typical examples of water produced are; Treatment Total Hardness Calcium Hardness Silica Sodium Chloride TDS Sea Water 250 200 14 15000 15000 Evaporator Reverse Osmosis 20 5 After Demineraliser 0 Trace . Distillation The most commonly use freshwater generation is evaporative distillation, which uses engine jacket cooling water or steam heat from exhaust or gas fired boilers to evaporate sea water, which is then condensed into fresh water. Evaporation distillers comes in two main forms, 1.multistage flash 2 multi effect evaporators. Simple single effect evaporator The system above shows an evaporator typically heated by Main Engine Jacket water with means to supply steam when the engine is shut down Single and multi stage tube distillation was one of the early types of fresh water generation. It uses heat passing through submerged coils or tube bundles immersed in sea water to produce the distillate, which when condensed becomes the fresh water. Single Stage Flash Evaporator flash evapourator it consist of two parts 1.condensor 2.evaporator generally the heating method used is main engine heat or by heating oil usually the water boils at 100 degree. But in the freshwater generator the water inside the system usually boiled at 60 to 70 degree. By using ejector or edecutor.basically an alternative arrangement to the shell evaporator is the flash evaporator were heating takes place externally, the hot brine enters the low pressure chamber into a weir where some of the water flashes off. Water overflowing the weir is either out or passed on to a second stage. Multi stage units with each stage maintained at a lower pressure allow improved efficiency and high outputs. to check the percentage of salt salinoemetre is used. its is important to use salinometere because if the percentage of salt in water became high then it can detect it and raised the alarm Multi Stage Flash Evaporator flash flow diagramr in this process we use two evaporation stages in order to get a better typical multi stage flash system is based upon preheating of a pressurised sea water stream, or more typically a recycle brine stream to which the feed sea water is added the stream is heated in the heat input section brine heater. Double stage FWG is similar to the single stage FWG, the only difference being that the whole single stage process is repeated twice in 2-stage generator From here the recycle stream is passed into the first stage of a series of flash chambers. Here the pressure is released, permitting a portion of the brine stream to flash to form salt-free vapour which is condensed to give the fresh water. In condensing the vapour gives off its latent heat to the recycle brine stream. From the first stage the flashing brine stream is passed to the second stage which is kept at a slightly lower pressure more vapour flashes off. In the same way the flashing brine stream passes to the next stage and so o n through the plant with a portion of the vapour flashing off at each stage. A heat balance shows that the heat supplied in the brine heater has to be rejected. This is done in the last two stages of the plant which are cooled by a sea water stream which subsequently passes to waste. Modern Developments. Large Multi-effect Alfa laval evaporator In 1990 Alfa-Laval Desalt introduced its D-TU concept-a ME desalination system based on tube type distillers, by using the evaporation under vacuum with the rising film principle. This is thath means the inner surfaces of the tube are always covered with a then film of the feed water . heating medium is circulates on the outside of the tubes in the heat exchangerss.and The vacuum is created by water ejectors connected to each effects. A controlled amount of sea water is led to the bottom of each of the effect. where it is mixes with the brine from the previous effect and into the tubes in the heat exchanger, where it is heated. The generated vapours enter a separator where the brine droplets from the wet vapour are separated. The dry vapour pass through the separator to the following effect where they condense. The remaining sea water which has been converted to brine, flows to the next effect as feed water. The brine is taken out and discharged overboard. The latent heat in the vapo urs from the previous effect is used as a heating medium in the following effects. The process continues until the last effect where the generated vapours condense cooled by sea water. The condensate vapours flow from one effect to the next, and are retained in a collecting tank as distilled water. If a low temperature evaporator is to be used for domestic purposes certain restrictions apply. Operation is not allowed within 25 miles of the coast or 50 miles of an estuary. Chromate jacket water treatment must never be used. The condensate must be treated in order to destroy bacteria. Care must be taken if chemicals are used to inhibit marine growth in pipe work. Vapour Compression The boiler section is initially filled with fresh water. When the system is operating feed water is supplied via the level control valve. Hot steam is created in the boiler which passes over into the main section. Here the steam is mixed with a brine spray. Some of the steam is condensed and some of the brine spray is flashed off. The combined steam passes over to the vapour section via a scrubber. Flow of vapour occurs due to the action of the compressor which increases the vapour pressure increaseing its saturation temperature. Reverse Osmosis Osmosis describes the process whereby a fluid will pass from a more dense to a less dense solution through a semi-permeable membrane. It is very important to the water absorption processes of plants. RO is a process which uses a semi permeable membrane which retains both salt and impurities from sea water while allowing water molecules to pass. Filtration of up to 90% is possible thus making the produced water unsuitable for boiler feed without further conditioning. Improved quality is possible using a two or more pass system. diagram showing osmotic headThe parchment paper acts as the semi-permeable membrane and allows the water molecules to pass but not the larger salt molecules. Reverse osmosis is the process whereby a pressure greater than the osmotic head pressure is applied to a solution of high density. Fluid is forced from the high density side to the less dense side. For desalination plants the pressure is applied to sea water and the water is forced through the semi-permeable membrane. The semi permeable membrane which is typically made of polyamide membrane sheets wrapped in a spiral form around a perforated tube resembling a loosely wound toilet roll. Design of the cartridges is therefore such that the sea water feed passes over the membrane sheets so that the washing action keeps the surfaces clear of deposits. A dosing chemical is also injected to assist the action. Make up of membrane The two membranes sealed on the outer three edges, enclose porous under-layer through which the permeate spirals to central collecting tube Schematic of RO plant Pressurised feed water passes lengthways through the tubular spiral wound membrane element. Freshwater permeate travels through the membrane layers as directed along a spiral bath inot a central perforated tube, while brine is discharged out the end of the membrane element.. The fluid could be water and the solutions sea water. Under normal conditions the water would pass from the less saline solution to the more saline solution until the salinity was the same. This process will cease however if the level in the more saline side raises to give a difference greater than the Osmotic height. For practical use to allow the generation of large quantities of water. It is necessary to have a large surface area of membrane which has sufficient mechanical strength to resist the pressurised sea water.. The material used for sea water purification is spirally wound polyamide or polysulphonate sheets. One problem with any filtration system is that deposits accumulate and gradually blocks the filter. The sea water is supplied at a pressure of 60bar, a relief valve is fitted to the system. The Osmosis production plant is best suited to the production of large quantities of water rather than smaller quantities of steam plant feed quality. Pre-treatment and post treatment. Sea water feed for reverse osmosis plant is pre-treated before being passed through. The chemical sodium hexa phosphate is added to assist wash through of salt deposits on the surface of the elements and the sea water is sterilised to remove bacteria which could otherwise become resident in the filter. Chlorine is reduced by compressed carbon filter while solids are removed by other filters. Treatment is also necessary to make the water drinkable. The disc tube module is supposed to have the main advantage over the spiral wound type in that it avoids the need for the difficult cleaning processes required. With long lasting membranes, typically 5 years and in built cleaning system the unit will recover 30% as pure water from sea water passing through it Coil or Tube Seawater Evaporator This is a modern version of the type used when I was at sea in the 1960s; they used heating coils in those days as opposed to the pipe nest heaters of today. The coils used to become scaled in salt, with the attendant loss in output of distillate. I was in charge of the vaps and I remember the old chief coming down to the engine room on my watch and balling me out for the downturn in distillate. We were having problems with the boiler feed water purity (next article will cover the testing and treatment of boiler feed water) so I was blowing down the boiler regularly with the associated make-up requirement meant we needed more water pronto. Anyway I took him up to the vaps and showed him the scaling on the heating coils, reminding him that I was pumping Foss chemicals into the beast to try and break this away. He pushed me aside and shut off the seawater supply opening up the steam supply which rapidly dried the salt layer on the coils. He then opened the seawater inlet and hey presto the salt scale cracked and fell of the coils. I used this system several times until I was up for Seconds ticket and examiner wasnt too pleased to hear of this method, called the old Chief several unprintable names. Today we dont have to resort to these measures as there is an innovative device which uses a material that emits oscillations counteracting the natural seawater oscillations, thereby altering its properties and preventing calcium carbonate scale. (I will note the website address in the relevant section; I am too old for this new technology). A tube and coil evaporator consists of a steel vessel which has a nest of heating pipes near the bottom of the vessel being fed by steam or, hot water from the main engine. There is a tube condenser cooled by seawater installed near the top of the vessel. A vacuum is drawn in the vessel by air ejectors operated by steam or pressurised seawater. Seawater is fed into the evaporator just covering the heating pipes. Heat is supplied to the pipes and, this combined with the vacuum conditions begins to boil the seawater producing steam. The steam rises up through a demister into the tube condenser where it is evaporated to distilled water. This is collected and pumped via the salinometer to the storage EVAPORATOR SCALE. There are numerous types of evaporators all working to produce pure water with concentrated sea-water as waste. This concentration effect can lead to the formation of damaging scales within the evaporator. Over concentration is usually prevented by having a continuous stream of sea-water passing through the unit thus maintaining a satisfactory dilution of the sea-water side of the evaporator. However, because of the high salt content, when sea-water is elevated to temperatures above 30 C scales can begin to form on heat transfer surfaces. Additionally as the majority of evaporators operate under vacuum there is a tendency for the make-up water side to foam, which can give rise to carry-over and contamination of the pure water stream. Four scales which are principally found in evaporators are; Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4)-1200ppm, scale formation is principally on density, remains in solution below 140oC and/or 96000ppm.The worst scale forming salt forming a thin hard grey scale Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 remains in solution below 90oC Magnesium Bi-Carbonate 150ppm soluble below 90oC, forms a soft scale, prevention by keeping operating temperature of evaporator below 90oC Above 90oC breaks down to form MgCO3 and CO2 and then Mg(OH)2 and CO2 Calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO3)2 180ppm Slightly solube, above 65oC breaks down to form insuluble calcium carbonate forming a soft white scale. scale formation prevented by chemical treatment Ca(HCO3)2 = Ca + 2HCO3 2HCO3 = CO3 + H20 + CO2 If heated up to approximately 80oC CO3 + Ca = CaCO3 If heated above 800C CO3 + H20 = HCO3 + OH Mg + 2OH = Mg(OH)2 Hence if sea water in the evaporator is heated to a temperature below 80oC calcium carbonate predominates. If it is heated above 80oC then magnesium hydroxide scale is deposited. Sodium Chloride 32230 to 25600ppm -generally ignored Soluble below 225000ppm forms a soft encrustation, free ions promote galvanic action. It is unlikely to precipitate and is easily removed Supersaturation This is where the concentration of dissolved salts exceed their solubility at the particular temperature encountered and precipitation begins to occur. When deposition occurs under these conditions heavy scale deposits can rapidly build up and lead to a loss of heat transfer efficiency. Scale deposition due to supersaturation is often localised in areas of elevated temperature such as heat transfer surfaces in heat-exchangers. This is because of localised over concentration of salts with respect to the temperature of the thin water layer at the surface of the metal. Scale deposition can therefore occur on heat-exchange surfaces even when the conditions in the bulk of the water are not scale forming. FINALLY SELECTED GENERATOR VACCUM VAPOUR COMPRESSION FRESHWATER GENERATOR MAKER.. ALFA LAVAL TYPE.. ORCA OFFSHORE SERIES CAPACITY20-70m3/per day vacuum vapour compression is the efficient method of production of fresh water for both drinking and other use. by using this method we can convert the sea water in to fresh water by vacuum distillation process using electricity. The system has simple compact designee made from titanium heat exchanger plates with combined fresh water and feed water system. the system has low maintance cost any work on start and forget operation .and can produced very high quality of fresh water . BASIC Equipment. titanium plate heat exchanger for the combination evaporator and condenser stainless steel distiller shell, air ejector freshwater pump compressor UL approved panel built in freshwater quality monitoring system. ADDITIONAL Equipment fresh water pH adjustment filter. silver-ion or we can say UV sterilisers VACCUME DISTILLATION PROCESS. vacuum distillation is the process use to convert sea water in to fresh water. by this process constant supply of fresh water with low salinity level and be achieved with continuous controlling the water quantity. WORKING PRINCIPAL . 0feed water enter in to the lower section of the plate packs. plates is warmed by heating medium, heating medium is either a jacket water cooling medium or a closed circuit heating medium water is then evaporated at 40-60 degree centigrade in the vacuum of 85-95 % the vapour produces is raised between the plates in the middle section of plate pack. At this point seawater is almost completely removed. these droplet falls back in to the brain sump by the gravity at the bottom of the fresh water generator. only the clean fresh water can enter in to the condenser section and the water is cooled by flow of sea water. at that point vapour is condensed in to fresh water and pumped out by the fresh water pump. GHARP SHOWS THE % TONS PER DAY PRODUCTION Technical specifications (standard units without optional equipment) Water maker type ORCA Offshore 20 ORCA Offshore 30 ORCA Offshore 40 ORCA Offshore 50 ORCA Offshore 60 ORCA Offshore 70 Length (L) mm/inch Width (W) mm/inch Height (H) mm/inch Dry weight kg/lbs Operating weight kg/lbs FW pump motor kW/hp Brine pump motor kW/hp SW pump motor kW/hp (option) Circ. pump motor Electric power (kW installed) Power consumption kwh/m3 fresh water Fresh water quality Dimensions *) THE DRAWING SHOWS ORCA OFFSHOREE SERIES WITHOUT OPTIONS 2450 / 96 2150 / 85 2400 / 94 3700 / 8175 3865 / 8521 1.3 / 1.7 1.3 / 1.7 12.5 / 1 1.9 / 2.6 78.5 18 WHO standard, less than 5 ppm NaCl 2800 / 110 2150 / 85 2400/94 4000 / 8818 4185 / 9226 1.3 / 1.7 1.8 / 2.4 12.5 / 17 3.6 / 4.9 81 18 SLOW SAND FILTER (SSF) FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL. Slow sand filters (SSFs) are probably the most effective, simplest and least expensive water treatment process. Micro-organisms and other particulate materials are effectively removed by SSFs. Considerable development has been done on SSFs with respect to particle removal, but only a few works have been reported in the context of the removal of heavy metals which are a severely toxic pollutant of surface waters. No extensive laboratory or pilot studies have been carried out to determine the performance or the mechanisms of removal of heavy metals by SSFs. This research is concerned with an experimental investigation of the removal of heavy metals from surface water by SSFs. Four laboratory scale SSFs were built and run according to standard design criteria. Removal of four common heavy metals [copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)] were monitored. The filters were fed synthetic water made from tap water mixed with settled sewage, and each filter was dosed with one of the heavy metal salts. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd in the influent were selected as 10 mg/l, 100 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l, 60 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l, and 100 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l respectively considering their relative toxicity and WHO guidelines in drinking water. Settled sewage was added to vary the total organic carbon (TOC) of the feed water. The reduction of heavy metal concentrations were monitored at various TOCs, filtration rates and filter bed depths. The results showed that SSFs succeeded in removing heavy metals from water. The removals of Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd at the conventional flow rate and filter depth are 99.6,97.2,100 and 96.6 % respectively. The results also showed that an increase in TOC in the feed water improved metal removal while increases of flow rates caused a decrease of the removal of metals. The removal of heavy metals also decreased with a reduction in sand bed depth. The optimisation of design parameters for SSFs for the removal of heavy metals depends on the individual heavy metal and on the TOC content of the feed water. Model equations were developed for, and linear correlation was observed between each of the three control parameters and the removal of the selected metal. The removal of heavy metal by SSFs was achieved through the combination of a number of mechanisms. Settlement, adsorption to both sand and organic matter and microbial WORKING PRCEDURE slow and sand filter work through the formation of a layer know as hypogeal layer or schmutzdecke .hypogeal layer contain microorganism that remove bacteria and trap condiments particles.it consist of bacteria,fungi,portozoa,rotera and a range of aquatic insect larva. the hypogal layer provides effective purification in potable water treatment. as the water passes through the hypogeal layer particles of foreign matter are trapped in the mucilaginous matrix and dissolved organic material is adsorbed and metabolised by bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Water produced form a well managed slow sand filter is free from heavy metals and other hazards. Slow sand filter are simple, are easily used by small systems, and have been adapted to package plant construction . Slow sand filter are similar to single media rapid-rate filters in some respects, but there are crucial differences in functional mechanisms(other than the obvious difference in flow rate): the schmutzdecke removes suspended organic materials and microorganisms by biodegradation and other biological processes, instead of relying solely on simple filtration or physic-chemical sorption. Advantages of slow sand filtration include its low maintenance requirements (since it does not require backwashing and requires less frequent cleaning) and the fact that its efficiency does not depend on actions of the operator. However, slow sand filters do require time for the schmutzdecke to develop after cleaning, during which the filtration performance steadily improves; this interval is called the ripening period. The ripening period can last from six hours to two weeks, but typically requires less than two days. A two day filter-to-waste period is recommended for typical sand filters . Since few remedies are available to an operator when the process is ineffective, slow sand filtration should be used with caution and should not be used without pre treatment or process modifications unless the raw water is low in turbidity, algae, and colour . Package plant versions with a granular activated carbon layer located beneath the slow sand filter can absorb organic materials that are resistant enough to biodegradation to pass through the schmutzdecke. When used with source water of the appropriate quality, slow sand filtration may be the most suitable filtration techno logy for small systems (6). Slow sand filtration has demonstrated removal efficiencies in the 90 to 99.9999% range for viruses and greater than 99.99% for Guardia FILTER DISCRUPTION. Square tank Media depth: 2-3 ft Surface area: Filtration rate: 2-10 gal/min-ft2 Flow through filter: 350-3,500 gpm Backwash frequency: every 24 houre CALCULATION We have required maximum 40000 litter per day production per day. and the filtration rate of this filter is max 51000 litter per day which fulfil our requirement. and we have to put two filter in parellal for the standby and maintaince purpose. So that if one filter stop working we can use the other standby filter to run the system as per requirement. IMPORTANT POINTs there is one bypass line in slow sand filter before the water enter in to the sand filters. and this bypass meet the discharge line of distilled pump. The reason for this bypass is that if the ship is in the sea we can open the bypass valve and the fresh water then straight go to the mineraliser unit. because in the roiling and pitching condition the slow sand filter does not work properly the sand filter unit is completely fixed with proper fitting. so that when the main engine runs it does not move from his place. one the important is that the system will take at least 2 day to start working .so for days the ship master has to arrange some external sources of drinking water. CLEANING METHOD There is two method of cleaning of sand filter 1. the top few millimetres of fine sand is scraped off to expose a new layer of clean sand. Water is then decanted back into the filter and re-circulated for a few hours to allow a new Schmutzdecke to develop. The filter is then filled to full depth and brought back into service 2. The second method, sometimes called wet harrowing, involves lowering the water level to just above the Schmutzdecke, stirring the sand and thereby suspending any solids held in that layer and then running the water to waste. The filter is then filled to full depth and brought back into service. Wet harrowing can allow the filter to be brought back into service more quickly. POSITION. we can fit the sand filter before the discharge of distilled pump. CHEMICAL TREATMENT. VAPTREAT. chemical known as vaptreat is add in to the system before the point where sea water is going inside the system .because this chemical make the sea water soft. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES Odour: Odourless Appearance: Liquid, pale yellow, soluble in water Contact with eyes: Mildly irritating to eyes Contact with skin: In cases of severe exposure, irritation may develop Inhalation: Vapours or aerosols may cause irritation of eyes, nose and respiratory tract Ingestion: May cause gastro-intestinal disturbances MINERALISER AND CHLORINE UNIT After the discharge of distilled pump the water then pass through the mineraliser after the mineraliser chlorine is added to the water. capacity of mineraliser=3800liter/hour capacity of chlorine unit.=3800liter/hour PUMPS REQUIREMENTS Ejector Pump The ejector pump is a single-stage centrifugal pump which supplies the condenser with sea water and the brine/air ejector with jet water as well as feed water for evaporation. Fresh Water/Distillate Pump The single-stage centrifugal fresh water pump extracts the distillate from the condenser and pumps it to the fresh water tank. POSITION OF EJECTOR PUMP The pump is fitted after the suction of low sea chest. because at the low sea chest suction there is no oil present .and is the best point of taking the main sea water suction . TYPE OF PUMP. TEHNICAL DATA CASING.. Cast iron, Nodular cast iron, Bronze, Stainless steel IMPELLER.. Cast iron, Bronze, Stainless steel MAXIMUM CAPACITY.850m3 per hour MAXIMUM DELIVER HEAD105M MAXIMUM LIQUID TEMPERATURE120 CENTIGRADE MAXIMUM PRESSURE.1000KPa MAXIMUM SPEED3600 rpm Salinometer The salinometer continuously checks the salinity of the produced water. The alarm set point is adjustable. salinometer continuously check the quality of the distillate, a salinometer is provided at the outlet side of the distillate pump. If the salinity of the produced fresh water exceeds the chosen maximum value, the solenoid valve is activated to automatically dump the distillate to the bilge and an alarm is sounded Control Panel The control panel contains motor starters, running lights, salinometer and contacts for remote alarm. DISTILLED WATER TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION Each fresh water generator distillate pump discharges through a salinometer and a flow meter. Positioned before the flow meter is a solenoid valve. This opens when the salinometer detects too high a salinity level, diverting the distillate pump output to the bilge. The discharge from the FW generators flows to either the distilled water tank which is situated in the steering gear room on the starboard side though inlet valve or to the fresh water tanks which are both situated on the port and starboard sides of the steering gear room. The distilled water tank supplies water to the boiler feed water tank via valve Fresh water produced in the generator that is to be used for domestic purposes is directed through a mineraliser and a chlorination sterilising unit before entering the fresh water tanks. The fresh water tanks supply water to the d

Essay --

The 1919 Winnipeg General Strike was a pivotal event in Canadian labor history. It was fight for the injustice happening to the people of Canada who worked extremely hard to fight the war for Europe. These factory workers and the returned soldiers wanted nothing more than the fulfilment of the needs. For instance, they wanted better wages, stable jobs. However, as soldiers came back after fighting the war their jobs were taken by the immigrants. In addition to the workers who already were working for these metal industries wanted recognition and better working condition, which then led to the 1919 Winnipeg strike. The strike started on 15 may by the second day more than 35000 workers were on strike. The Winnipeg police and the police union decided together, and came to the strike only to be demanded by the strike committee to rejoin their jobs. One can tell that the motive of the municipal police was clear; they did not demand any violence. However, they were greatly misunderstood, p art of the police force were confused with the strikers. The City of Winnipeg Police Commission terminated the nearly all the local police constables for declining to sign an agreement and taking the oath to neither participate nor belong to the strike. These police officers were enforced out by the law and order; their initial places were filled with special constables. The newly hired constables were not as trained as the previous ones; they were given horses and baseball bats, to freely use those on the strikers as required by the situation. The Winnipeg police force was with the strikers and was greatly sympathetic to the strikers. For this reason that, they refused to sign the contract. The citizen’s committee of 1000 was consisting of the elite c... ... a real job. The living inside these camps created frustration between the resident, which then lead to the union created inside the camp to fight off the injustice happening in these camps. Therefore, one can see that the camp created by the federal government were not there to deal mainly with the issue of poverty and providing the needy with shelters. The main reason behind it was to resolve the issue of militancy beforehand. However, as seen in many cases these measures did not only generate more issues to deal with nonetheless also shaped agitation among the already disturbed civilians. Bennett’s government tried their best to resolve the issue. But the era 1930s was not very favorable for them. They nation was trying to get through the great depression and at the same time was trying to calm their civilians down by preventing them to take any serious measures.

Importance of the Tutor in Electra Essay -- electra

Importance of the Tutor in Electra When delving into a novel, drama or other character-based text, analysts often focus their search around the supposed "major characters" who seem to most directly affect the work. In considering Electra, however, just as valuable as Orestes, Clytemnestra or Electra herself is a somewhat minor character, the Tutor. This attendant of Orestes emerges only three times and is on stage for less than twenty percent of the spoken lines, yet his role in driving the plot is as great as any. If Aristotle, one of the true masters of ancient thought, is correct in saying "The Plot, then, is the first principle, and, as it were, the soul of a tragedy," then the Tutor can truly be considered one of the most significant characters in the entire drama.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The relationship between the Tutor and Aristotle's conception of tragedy can be carried further, for in his Poetics Aristotle claims, "Tragedy is an imitation of an action that is complete and whole...A whole that has a beginning, a middle, and an end." If this is believed, the Tutor's appearances become an even better match for the tragic form. His three presentations on stage are quite auspicious numerically, and geometrically they form a nearly perfect spread from beginning to middle to end. With each of these appearances the Tutor sets in motion some critical aspect of the plot, thus making himself an agent of another of Aristotle's notions: "But most important of all is the structure of the incidents. For Tragedy is an imitation, not of men, but of an action and of life, and life consists in action." The Tutor truly drives the action of this play, functioning as a glue to hold the plot together and as a catalyst to keep it moving forward.   Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...alls him "the only one I found / Remaining loyal at our father's murder"(1351-1352). Such an idea brings the true depth of the Tutor into the open: he is perhaps the most steadfast character in the entire drama, the one who committed himself to Orestes' cause not out of familial obligation but simply out of loyalty. The Tutor sets this play in motion, propels it in the middle and then continues it towards its end. Such a purposeful nature contrasts greatly with Electra's, and without the Tutor's influence this may have simply been a fifteen hundred line saga of her personal woes. Though traditional analysis makes the Tutor's role seem secondary, it is deceptively important, yet another deception that is quite appropriate for such an individual. Works Cited: Euripides. Electra. Trans. Philip Vellacott. Medea and Other Plays. Baltimore: Penguin Classics, 1963.

Waiting for an Angel By Helon Habila

Helon Habila is a poet and a prose writer who grew up in Gombe, Nigeria. When he was a boy, it was the time when Gombe was recovering from a civil war. His father, who used to work at the Nigerian Ministry of Works, dreamed Habila to be an engineer. But he gave up that dream when he began giving Habila some romance literature and Arabic classics. Instead of concentrating on Nigeria, Habila spent most of his time traveling in different places. He also had read great books from famous Nigerian writers like Chinua Achebe and Ben Okri.While reading books, Habila also learned the mastery of story telling. In his primary school, his teacher noticed his talent and asked him to tell stories in other classes. After secondary school, Habila took a degree in engineering at Bauchi University of Technology in Nigeria. But after a year, he dropped out and shifted to College of Arts and Science. However, he still did not become satisfied and quit school permanently. Habila found his life going nowh ere when he got a copy of a novel by E. M. Forster, the Aspects of the Novel. This novel took him back to his passion for literature.He then spent his time in his room reading and writing. During the period he was starting his new life, his father and his brother died in an accident. This time, he entered again another university to study English and Literature. Finally, he succeeded. For two years, he became an assistant lecturer at Federal Polytechnic at Bauchi. During his stay there, he had written two literary pieces, a biography of a chief and a rough copy of a novel entitled â€Å"Prison Stories†. It was all about entwined stories of a young journalist during the regime of General Abacha.When the democracy was regained in Nigeria, Habila pursues his writing career. By the year 2000, he had already won two big awards: the MuSon Poetry Festival Prize for his â€Å"Another Age† and Liberty Bank Prize for â€Å"The Butterfly and the Artist†. Habila also won th e Commonwealth Writers Prize last 2003 for his novel Waiting for an Angel. His latest novel as of today is the Measuring Time (Bures). The Setting The setting of the novel â€Å"Waiting for an Angel† is in Nigeria during 1990s. During this era, the state was dominated and ruled by sadistic brutality.Also, violence on human rights is very prevalent in the country. Nigeria was barred from Commonwealth of Nations. Additionally, almost all countries have charges against Nigeria. This was the situation when the novel took place. The military or dictatorial government of General Sani Abacha eradicated the critical thinking of the countries’ gifted writers and scholars (Whipple). The Characters The main character of the story is Lomba. He is a journalist and an aggravated novelist who was in prison during the first part of the chapter. He writes poems secretly during his incarceration.His roommate, Bola, loses sanity after his family died. Bola also experienced brutality from the hands of the police officers. Mauftu is a superintendent in Lomba’s prison. When he found out the love poems written by Lomba, the jailer asked him to write verses for the girl he was courting, Janice. Janice is a teacher being pleaded by Lomba to save him. However, the teacher cannot save him even she knows Lomba’s troubles. James Fiki is the editor of â€Å"The Dial†, the publication where Lomba was working. Kela is a student and Lomba’s neighbor in Poverty Street.Kela learned the postcolonial history in Nigeria through his English teacher who is an activist and through his other encounters. Alice is Lomba’s first love. However, their love story did not have a happy ending because Alice obligatory married a rich man so that she can pay the hospital bills of her mother. Joshua Amusu was a teacher and an activist who asked Lomba to cover his demonstration against a fraudulent government. The Plot Helon Habila portrays the novel â€Å"Waiting for an Angel† taking place during the regime of General Sani Abacha, when turmoil and violence is on the rise.The story introduced Lomba as an idealistic student in Lagos who attempts to write novels in his apartment in Morgan Street while working for the newspaper, the Dial. Shortly, his roommate Bola was attacked and beaten by police officers during that time along with other journalists. Meanwhile, offices of Dial were also burnt. After the entire incidence, Lomba chooses to participate in prodemocracy protest. During the demonstration, he was seized and put into jail for three years. This novel was narrated in a flashback.It started with Lomba’s situation in jail and finished with highlight events going to his detention (Zaleski) References: Jeff Zaleski. â€Å"Waiting for an Angel. † Rev. of: title_of_work_reviewed_in_italics, clarifying_information. Publishers Weekly 9 Dec. 2002: 61. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. ***INSERT Library name or system, City, State ***. 14 Aug. 2007 http://www. proquest. com/ Bures, Frank. Everything Follows: An Interview with Helon Habila. 14 August 2007 . Whipple, Mary. Waiting for an Angel. 01 June 2004. 14 August 2007 .