How to Have Effective Communitcation

How to Have Effective Communitcation Lets throw some light upon what Communication is all about: According to Allen, Communication is the sum of all the things, one person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of others. It is the bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening and understanding. IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: Effective communication is important because one needs to express his ideas clearly and needs to be understood very clearly while communicating. The receiver should understand the message in the same perception as intended by the sender of the message. This is what we call an effective communication. Interestingly though, there are other facets to effective communication when it comes to written communication, popularly known as Seven Cs of Effective Communication. THE IMPORTANCE OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANISATION: Communication is the key to motivation, it helps in informing and illuminating the employees about the task to be carried out, the manner they should be performing their task, and how to improve their performance if it is not up to the mark. An Effective Communication is the best source of information to the members of organization for decision-making process as it helps identifying and evaluate alternative course of actions. Communication also plays a fundamental role in altering an individuals attitude, i.e., a well informed individual will have better attitude than a less-informed individual. Organizational magazines, journals, meetings and various other forms of oral and written communication help in moulding employees attitudes. Communication also helps in socializing. In todays life the only presence of another individual fosters communication. Human is a social animal and survival without communication is neither possible nor fruitful. Communication also assists in controlling process in a big way. It helps controlling organizational members behavior in various ways. It is the art of getting work done. There are various levels of hierarchy, certain principles and guidelines that employees must follow in an organization. They must comply with organizational policies, perform their roles efficiently and communicate any work problem and grievance to their superiors. Thus, communication helps in controlling function of management. TYPES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: Letters Memos Circulars Bulletin Reports Instruction cards Manuals In Order to perfect the art of written communication, we have a helping hand known as the Seven Cs Of Communication The principles advocated by Francis J. Bergin. These principles provide guidelines for choice of content, style of presentation, how much is too much etc. Lets take tour of the same. THE SEVEN Cs OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATON For transmitting effective communication written or oral messages, certain principles must be followed. These principles advocated by Francis J. Bergin. Bergin provides guidelines for choice of content and style of presentation adapted to the purpose the receiver of the message. They are also called as Seven Cs of communication. They are: Completeness Conciseness Clarity Correctness Concreteness Consideration Courtesy COMPLETENESS Every communication must be complete and adequate. Incomplete messages keep the receiver guessing, creates misunderstanding and delay actions. Every person should, therefore, be provided with all the required facts and figures. For example, when the factory supervisor instructs workers to produce, he must specify the exact size, shape, quality and cost of the product. Any assumptions behind the message should also be clarified. While answering a letter, all the questions raised in the letter must be replied. A complete message offers the following benefits: Complete messages are more likely to bring the desired results without the expense of additional messages. They can do a better job of building goodwill. Messages that contain information the receiver needs show concern for others. Complete messages can help advert costly lawsuit that may result if information is missing. Communication that seems inconsequential can be surprisingly important if the information they contain is complete and effective. It is advised that while answering a letter one should make sure that all the questions are answered. The message is not complete, if it fails to answer questions like : What is the meeting about? When is it? and Where? CONCISENESS In business communication, you should be brief and able to say whatever you have to say in fewest possible words without sacrificing the other C qualities. A concise message is complete without being wordy. Conciseness is desired because of the following benefits: A concise message saves time and expense for both sender and receiver. Conciseness contributes to emphasis; by eliminating unnecessary words, you let important ideas stand out. When combined with a YOU-VIEW, concise message are inherently more interesting to recipients as they avoid unnecessary information. There is no hard and fast rule for the length of a letter. A two page letter seems short, while a ten line letter may seem all too long depending upon the event and situation. CLARITY The message should be put in simple terms to ensure clarity. Words must mean the same thing to receiver as they do the sender. Complex issues must be compressed in to themes, slogans or stereotypes that have simplicity and clarity. In order to ensure clarity in oral communications, you should use accurate and familiar words with proper intonation, stresses and pauses. Thoughts should be clear and well organized. The important considerations in attaining clarity are as follows: Choose precise, concrete and familiar simple words. Construct effective sentences and paragraphs. In short, simple and short words are more effective than pompous and heady words. Using the K-I-S-S Method Keep It Short and Simple! If the message does not help recognizes who actually the person is? It may be possible to have many people with same name in an organisation. What great work he/she has done? When? And what he/she is expected to do now? It is not a clear message. CORRECTNESS The term correctness, as applied to business messages means right level of language and accuracy of facts, figures and words. If the information is not correctly conveyed, the sender will lose credibility. Transmission of incorrect information to superior will vitiate decision making process. Transmission of incorrect messages, grammatical errors should also be avoided. All the messages must be transmitted and responded to at the most appropriate time. Outdated information is useless. Since communication is an expensive process, transmitting outdated information involves wastage of time, money and human resources. The principle of correct timing also stipulates that you communicate your message at a time when it is likely to prove most effective. CONCRETENESS Concreteness of messages is an essential requirement of effective communication. It means being specific, definite, and vivid rather than vague and general. In oral communication, we cant draw tables, diagrams, or graphs to make our statement vivid, but we can precise words to convey the correct messages and support it by relevant facts and figures. If the message is specific, there would be increased likelihood that the message is interpreted by the receiver as intended by sender. For sending concrete messages, the following guidelines should be followed: Use concrete expressions. Use specific facts and figures. Put action in your verbs. Choose vivid, image-building words. Facts lend credibility to our communication since it is not possible to refute them. Concrete expressions create visual images that are easy to register. So instead of vague, generalized statements, definite facts should be given. The statements with no passion, no vivid detail, having nothing that creates emotion and nothing that tells people in the audience why they should care does not work well. CONSIDERATION Consideration means preparing the message with the receiver in mind. In order to communicate effectively, the sender should think and look from the receivers angle. He should adopt a humane approach and understand the emotions and sentiments of the receiver. The socio-psychological background of the receiver must be understood. The golden rule First understand than be understood should be followed. It should be noted that consideration underlies the other 6 Cs of the communication. Four special ways to indicate considerations are as follows: Focus on You instead of I and We. Show audience benefit or interest in the receiver. Emphasis positive, pleasant facts. Show empathy. Ask how you would feel if you were to receive this message. Consideration also requires emphasizing positive and pleasant facts. To say no, sorry,regret,disagree should not be used in direct and straight forward manner. COURTESY Courtesy stems from a sincere you-attitude. It is not merely politeness with mechanical insertions of please and thank you, although applying socially accepted manners is a form of courtesy. Rather it is politeness that grows out of respect and concern for others. In business discussions, you should say things with force and assertiveness without being rude. The following guidelines should be observed to ensure courtesy: Thank generously for a favour. When someone does a favour to us, acknowledge it promptly and thank the person. Apologize for an omission. If you had committed a mistake, express regret promptly and sincerely. Avoid irritating expressions. Words and expressions having negative connotation should not be used in the message. Use of non-discriminatory expressions that reflect equal treatment of people regardless of gender, race, ethics, origin and physical features. Below mentioned are some useful guidelines to advice staff members in the organization on how to best communicate effectively: 12 guidelines: Take sufficient time to effectively communicate. Care. Learn to be empathic. Be honest and sincere. One of the cruelest things one can do to another person is to not acknowledge that person. Develop a sense of belonging when interacting with others. Be welcoming and inclusive. Regularly, in your daily life, interact with persons whose culture, race, ethnicity and other identifiers and important characteristics are different than your own. Welcome persons with disabilities. Person with a disability is the preferred manner of speech, versus disabled person. Place the person before the disability. Spend quality time with persons whose backgrounds are different than yours. Set an example by being welcoming and inclusive to everyone. Learn to pronounce names correctly. Make a concerted effort to do so and to remember names.

Macbeths Implacable Guilt Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth's Implacable Guilt      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth underscores the important and usually unforeseen effect of sin, that of guilt. The guilt is so deep that Lady Macbeth is pushed to suicide, and Macbeth fares only slightly better.    Blanche Coles states in Shakespeare's Four Giants that, regarding guilt in the play:    Briefly stated, and with elaborations to follow, Macbeth is the story of a kindly, upright man who was incited and goaded, by the woman he deeply loved, into committing a murder and then, because of his sensitive nature, was unable to bear the heavy burden of guilt that descended upon him as a result of that murder. (37)    A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy demonstrates the guilt of Macbeth from the very beginning:    Precisely how far his mind was guilty may be a question; but no innocent man would have started, as he did, with a start of fear at the mere prophecy of a crown, or have conceived thereupon immediately the thought of murder. Either this thought was not new to him, or he had cherished at least some vaguer dishonourable dream, the instantaneous recurrence of which, at the moment of his hearing of prophecy, revealed to him an inward and terrifying guilt. (316)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson comments regarding the guilt of the protagonist:    It is a subtler thing which constitutes the chief fascination that the play exercises upon us - this fear Macbeth feels, a fear not fully defined, for him or for us, a terrible anxiety that is a sense of guilt without becoming (recognizably, at least) a sense of sin. It is not a sense of sin because he refuses to recognize such a category; and, in his stubbornne... ...    Frye, Northrop. Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1967.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.   

Problem of the organization Essay

The purpose of this case is to understand the situation and the problem the organization has faced and gives possible solutions. The company is conducting work life balance concept to improve the employee satisfaction. Work life balance is intended to maintain the balance between work life and personal life. That is favorably effect to the organization as well as the employees. YTB Bank has faced high absenteeism situation. Even though absenteeism is the practice of regularly staying away from work, here I have identified the absenteeism as a main problem in the case. Therefor I have acknowledged what â€Å"Absenteeism Management† is?. There are many forms to prevent from the absenteeism. Here, I have identified a few of them. Since the organization has faced the problems regarding the absenteeism, I have identified the possible solutions to get rid from that. But there are benefits and difficulties that the manager and the employees can face. Here the implementation of work life balance has gone the wrong way. The reason is, employees do not understand the right implementation of the concept. Because of that they are requesting more flexibility from the manager. For the problem of the case, I have selected the best practices manager can implement. Apprentice employment is the best practice to solve the problem. But there are pros and cons of apprenticeship. There are financial, labor disputes and disadvantages of contract basis employment. I have given a possible solution to get rid of those problems. Finally, I recommend the possible solutions which can implement by the company. Problem Statement and symptoms The problem is four tellers out of seven, requesting leave at the same period. Mr. Gamini as regional manager is facing a problem with requests leave 4 of his tellers out of the 7 at the same time. A. One female teller (A) has already gone on maternity leave and after the cession of the said leave quota she has to report back by next week, yet since her newly born baby was a premature one still she is keeping the child in the Neonatal unit of the Colombo Hospital and meanwhile she has made written request from Mr. Gamini to extend her leave. B. The second teller’s mother has fallen in the house and fractured her leg and this teller being the one and only child of the family had to look after her (B) mother and request at least one month leave. C. The third teller (C) has two little ones in the year 1 and 3 respectively and needs to go early by 12pm to collect her little ones after school since there was no one to take care of them after school as they have come to Colombo recently and the other thing is her husband was a supervisor of a factory who is usually reaching home late. D. The fourth one (D), most competent teller to be a successor to Mr. Gamini after him with good knowledge, skills and experience as identified by Mr. Gamini is demanding to exempt herself for a few hours from daily work in order to continue her MBA. Symptoms Employees do not have proper knowledge about absenteeism. And there is no proper procedure to manage absenteeism. Polices of absenteeism is not carefully established. There is not any flexible work arrangement at the workplace. Literature Review Work-life balance is adjusting day-to-day activities to achieve a sense of balance between work life and personal life. There are benefits of work life balance management. Those have reduced stress levels, at work and at home, Greater focus and concentration, Higher levels of job satisfaction, The opportunity to participate more fully in family and social life, More time to pursue personal goals and hobbies and it is cause to Improve health of employees. Balancing the demands of a busy lifestyle is not an easy thing to do, but is best managed by regularly reviewing and assessing priorities. Setting goals around helps to identify what value highly. Managing time effectively is important. It can be done through reviewing job activities, give priorities and success factors and create a boundary between balancing work and personal time-leave work at work where possible. Build resilience and have a positive attitude is must. Avoid stress, mental exhaustion and burnout, fatigue affect to work productively. Maintain a healthy lifestyle, look after yourself, eat well, sleep well and set aside a little time to exercise or pursue an activity that can enjoy are other factors. Everyone experiences stress at some stage in their life. It is a way for us to know that something in our life is causing us concern and is affecting how we are thinking and feeling. Stress is not always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best, but when you are constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pays the price. Managing stress is about making a plan to be able to cope effectively with daily pressures. The ultimate goal is to strike a balance between life, work, relationships, relaxation and fun. By doing this you are more able to deal with daily stress triggers and meet these challenges head on. Some strategies that can help to look after the mind and body, and in turn help to better control behaviors that result from too much stress. Consequences Consequences of absenteeism is not only harmful to an employee’s career, but the organization’s bottom line. Alternatively, absenteeism could be an indication of managerial issues. As an example : low employee morale and toxic work environment. Regardless of the reason, there is no doubt that the effects of absenteeism at work are resoundingly negative. Absenteeism hits the financial aspects of the organization. The absent member of staff has the potential to be paid for not producing any product. This can be 100% wages for a period of time which falls pro-rate as the absent period continues. Workers who regularly miss work or show up late risk being let go, forcing employers to go through the time and cost of hiring and training alternates. Complicating matters is the cost of having to pay an alternative employee to complete. Especially if short staffing forces managed to pay that individual over time. Administration of the cover absenteeism, rescheduling other employee, possible extra pay for others to take on the added amount of work. The added workload for peers is another problem. This adds greater pressure to others, requires a faster volume of the peers work to make time for the absent employee’s responsibilities to be covered. Frequent absenteeism can cause tension among co-workers. Employees who show up to work regularly and on time feel frustrated that a chronically late or absent employee is giving them an increased workload by forcing them to fill in. They may also pass judgment on the person’s perceived laziness. This anger can be aggravated further if no disciplinary action is taken. Great chance error due to added work load or adding new responsibilities to novice employees product quality deterioration can be brought about by work peers handling higher workloads. Dissatisfied customers may be resulted from that. Potential for other employees to become over-burdened and risk of them taking time off which of course adds to the circular effect. For those on long term absentees there is the possibility that their employment will be terminated. This requires recruitment to start, followed by interview, induction and training to bring the new employee up to that skill level of the terminated employee. Absenteeism impacts on the training and development of the employee base. If there is insufficient staff cover, employees may not be released for upskilling which adds to the poor performance of the overall organization. These are generic points, many employers will bring a wider range of issues specific to their environment If the employee is suffering personal problems, without a certain degree of flexibility and support from management, this can be even more detrimental than unexcused absences. If managers show zero tolerance for any absenteeism, workers will feel compelled to come in regularly, even if they definitely should not be there. Solutions To prevent difficulties like this, YTB Bank could have followed procedures. There are way outs which possible for the bank. A clear attendance policy. Flexible scheduling. Good documentation. Incentive programs should be tied to attendance. Tie promotions to attendants. The employee is in charge of their destiny. Look at the current scheduling guidelines. Peer pressure drives individual accountability. Let employees come up with their own schedules. Focus the real reasons for absence. Communicate regularly. Maintain contact with employees whilst they are absent from work. Take disciplinary action for unacceptable levels of absence. Include team games. Weight attendance on the scorecard. Share the statistics with departments/sections. Since the bank has introduced â€Å" Work-Life-Balancing-Dual-Responsibilities† process for the employees, managers can not restrict on the situation. Because of the he can adopt â€Å"Flexible Work Arrangements† to handle. Flexible work arrangements are alternate arrangements or schedules from the traditional working day and week. Employees may choose a different work schedule to meet personal or family needs. Alternatively, employers may initiate various schedules to meet their customer needs. There are flexible work arrangements can implement as the manager of YTB Banak. Since the teller is the employee of a bank who deals directly with most customers. There should be a proper schedule to satisfy the customers. The tellers should have experience in cash handling and should have pleasant character. To take a solution there are information to recognize. 1. How many tellers should be there at the same time – Assume at least five tellers should be there to handle customers. 2. What are the days the number of customers is high. 3. Whether there are additional employees in other sections (Internal Recruitment). 4. What is the financial position of the company at the moment. Solutions for teller A According to the case, teller A should get leave because of the unconscious situation she has faced. And she has made written request too. As a manager, Mr Gamini can not give her solution. Because of that she should be released from the problem. It is possible if manager can manage the problem with other three tellers. Pros and cons of the solution Teller A satisfied about the leave and she is happy. And she will expect to report to the work as soon as possible. Other employees also expect more flexibility from the manager. Solutions for teller B Asks teller B to take a person or relation to take care her mother. Or tell her to take her own solution to solve the problem without taking leave. Pros and cons of the solution Teller B is getting disappointed about the workplace and she will demotivate to work. Solutions for teller C The manager can introduce flexible working schedule for the tellers. Teller C expecting go early to take her children. And teller D expects few hours of a day. Therefor, it is possible if D can come to work after 12 o’clock while C can go home to take care of the children. Pros and cons of the solution C and D are happy with the solution. And the tellers can treat customers successfully. B is not happy with the solution and she is disappointing. It is harmful to organizations god will and the policies of the company. Because if the employees are going early and come in the evening is will get the bad image for the people. Ask teller C to find out a day care center near to the office for children and manager can give half hour interval to take children and placed them in a day care center. Or manager can arrange a place to keep children within the office. And she can ask her relative to come and stay with them and take care her children. Solutions for Teller D Since the teller D required few hours of the day, it is better if the manager can give her one day leave for a week. Hence, she works four days in a weak and get one day leave. Pros and Cons of the solution Even though she is happy with the solution other employees also expecting excuses. Alternative Solutions 1. Discuss with the tellers at the same time and ask them to get together, discuss and come up with a solution. And the same time inform them, at lest there should be five tellers in the office same time. Pros and Cons of the solution That is motivating employees to take decisions and understand the importance of their attendance their own. According to that manager can arrange the work schedule. Other employee’s attitudes can be changed. They will discourage of work and they will come up with solutions and the reasons for absentees. 2. Delegation the workload with other tellers in preferable schedule is another solution. It is possible arranged teller C and teller D on a roster basis for morning and evenings and B to at be home. Then to fill the blank of a teller, delegate the work with another five tellers. Pros and Cons of the solution Teller C, teller D and Teller B also happy with the solution. Other tellers are getting frustrated. Because their workload is high. Other tellers getting pressure to finish work. And there is a big possibility to make mistakes. 3. Hiring new employees is another solution for that. The situation has not been going for a long time. Because of that manager can not recruit permanent employee. Because of that, the manager can hire a person for a short time period. There are possible employment types which possible: Probationers Apprentice Fixed Term Contract Casual Employees Seasonal Employment Outsourcing Pros and Cost of the solution There is an additional cost for the company. There are hiring cost, interviewing cost, salary and other administrative cost. But it is a long term investment to the company. New spirit of the company. Recommended Solution Since the attitude and the behavior of the employees are very hard to change, it is not perfectly work above most solutions. Because of that I suggest hiring an employee is the best practice for the problem. From the above employment types, â€Å"Apprentice† is the greatest practical solution. Apprenticeship Apprentice cannot be considered as a workman or an employee. Thus there is no contract of service between an employer and employee. An Apprentice is merely acquiring the knowledge of he/she is interested in and an employer merely undertakes to train him. However some statutes including Industrial Dispute Act, EPF Act and Termination of Employment Act, have brought in an Apprentice within the definition of a workman. Taking on apprentices and trainees can provide real benefits for the company. A new apprentice or trainee can contribute significantly to the bottom line, with practical skills and knowledge acquired through their training. Taking on a new apprentice may also mean eligible for a range of government financial assistance. They can be full-time, part-time or school-based. But that is a cost for the company. Apprenticeships are available in many occupations in a broad range of industries. It can be increased labor disputes. By providing apprenticeship company can spread their good will and company can a word the certificate after the period. That is beneficial for future recruitments. Precautions Training Needs Since the newcomer is an unskilled labor there should be orientation program and training program. For that manager can allow senior employees to train new employees. Pros and Cons : That is wasting the time of experienced employee but at the same time it is an investment for the company. Administration Cost There is an administration cost which should outflow of the company. For the personal file and training documents are included to the administration cost. Pros and Cons : Even though it is a cost should pay from the company, it is increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the operations. Moral Issues Morale and employee relations problems arise when the temps working alongside permanent employees for months, doing the same work and putting in the same hours, but not receiving the same benefits afforded their permanent employee’s co-workers. So it is better to explain the beneficial side of the apprentices and make the team work schedules. Pros and Cons : Again there is a time waste, but still the manager can make a friendly environment to each and every employee. Legal Concerns Recent court decisions have highlighted the fact that the organization must be careful how they hire apprentices. There must be no doubt about the workers’ status and about the lack of eligibility for the benefits of permanent employees. And treat temp workers with the same respect and care the permanent staff. Pros and Cons : The manager has to pay more attention to the legal remnants. And that will hit to the efficiency of the operations. But by paying more attention to those problems, managers can prevent from complex situations. Conclusion Organizations are conducting updated techniques, methods and the process maintain the efficient and effectiveness of operations. Human recourse management is one of the most important concepts of the company. Since the technological equipment and methods increase the productivity, there are arrangements to process and maintain employee satisfaction. HR Managers are responsible for making policies, designing and devising human resource strategies, contributing to the corporate plan of the organization, integrating human resource activities to the main purpose of the organization. Work life balance concept is one of the best practices of HRM. Implementation of the work life balance concept is beneficial for both parties. Efficient, innovative and motivated workforce is an asset to the company. And having a flexible work arrangement is facilitating employee satisfaction. They can easy to handle the day to day works. Before implement the process the management of the company should have proper knowledge about the concept and should identify the requirement of the employee. And they should conduct program to train their employees to implement the concept. Management should have rearranged the policies and schedules to maintain the control the concept. Then only company can increase the bottom line. Otherwise employee may expect more excuses and the flexibility and then they will miss their works. Within the work life balance environment it should be careful to maintain the absenteeism. It is better if management can get a solution from the organization without taking solutions from the outside. Job sharing, rescheduling, job expanding, promotions and internal recruitment are the internal solutions for the absenteeism. Otherwise every time organization has to pay the big cost to solve problems. Then employees will use to get solutions from out every time. They will not be serious in their work. In this case I have selected apprentice trainee for the vacancy. Because the change is a pain for employees. May be it is not effective the internal recruitment process. There is no contract with the employee and the employer in apprentice. Since the problem is for a short time period, that is the most possible solution than others. References Dayarathne N W K D K. (2007) Human Resources Management Theory and Practice, Colombo: S. Godage ; Brothers Snell. Bohlander. Vohra. (2007) Human Resources Management,Delhi:Cengage Learning http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_can_high_absenteeism_of_employees_affect_an_organization 8/12/2013 http://www. qld. gov. au/health/mental-health/balance/lifestyle/index. html 8/14/2013 http://www. chamberscolombo. com/types_of_employment 10/15/2013 http://www. apprentice-forward. org. uk/YoungPeople/AdvantagesDisadvantages. asp 8/15/2013 http://www. businessknowhow. com/manage/hire-temp. htm 8/13/2013 http://www. hrmagazine. co. uk/hro/features/1078051/is-business-flexible 8/13/2013 http://www. hrsrilanka. com/resources/articles/81-terms-and-conditions-of-employment-in-sri-lanka 8/16/2013 https://www. whoi. edu/HR/page. do? pid=14332;ct=901;cid=2248/16/2013 http://www. inc. com/encyclopedia/flexible-work-arrangements. html8/16/2013 Appendix Case Study Mr. Gamini is the regional manager of the YTB Bank regional office Kirulapone and very recently he is facing problems with 4 of his tellers out of the 7 in the office. One female teller has already gone on maternity leave and after the cession of the said leave quota she has to report back by next week, yet since her newly born baby was a premature one still she is keeping the child in the Neonatal unit of the Colombo Hospital and meanwhile she has made written request from Mr. Gamini to extend her leave. The second teller’s mother has fallen in the house and fractured her leg and this teller being the one and only child of the family had to look after her mother and request at least one month leave. The third teller has two little ones in the year 1 and 3 respectively and needs to go early by 12pm to collect her little ones after school since there was no one to take care of them after school as they have come to Colombo recently and the other thing is her husband was a supervisor of a factory who is usually reaching home late. The fourth one, most competent teller to be a successor to Mr. Gamini after him with good knowledge, skills and experience as identified by Mr. Gamini is demanding to exempt herself for a few hours from daily work in order to continue her MBA. Early time none of these kind of request was entertained by the management of the band and from recent past the management is adopting a more flexible procedure and practice with regard to this type of work-life-balancing-dual-responsibilities of workers. Thus the new trend demands the regional manager Mr. Gamini to become a flexible

Biography of Martha Carrier, Accused Witch

Biography of Martha Carrier, Accused Witch Martha Carrier (​born Martha Allen; died August 19, 1692) was one of 19 people accused of witchcraft who were hanged during the 17th century Salem witch trials. Another person died of torture, and four died in prison, although the trials lasted only from spring to September of 1692. The trials began when a group of girls in Salem Village (now Danvers), Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of being witches. As hysteria spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court was convened in Salem to hear the cases. Fast Facts: Martha Carrier Known For: Conviction and execution as a witchBorn: Date unknown in Andover, MassachusettsDied: Aug. 19, 1692 in Salem, MassachusettsSpouse: Thomas CarrierChildren: Andrew Carrier, Richard Carrier, Sarah Carrier, Thomas Carrier Jr., possibly others Early Life Carrier was born in Andover, Massachusetts, to parents who were among the original settlers there. She married Thomas Carrier, a Welsh indentured servant, in 1674, after giving birth to their first child, a scandal that wasnt forgotten. They had several children- sources give numbers ranging from four to eight- and lived for a time in Billerica, Massachusetts, moving back to Andover to live with her mother after her fathers death in 1690. The Carriers were accused of bringing smallpox to Andover; two of their children had died of the disease in Billerica. That Carriers husband and two other children were ill with smallpox and survived was considered suspect- especially because Carriers two brothers had died of the disease, which put her in line to inherit her fathers property. She was known as a strong-minded, sharp-tongued woman, and she argued with her neighbors when she suspected them of trying to cheat her and her husband. Witch Trials Belief in the supernatural- specifically, in the devil’s ability to give humans the power to harm others through witchcraft in return for their loyalty to him- had emerged in Europe as early as the 14th century and was widespread in colonial New England. Coupled with the smallpox epidemic, the aftermath of a British-French war in the colonies, fears of attacks from nearby Native American tribes, and a rivalry between rural Salem Village and the more affluent Salem Town (now Salem), the witch hysteria had created suspicions among neighbors and a fear of outsiders. Salem Village and Salem Town were near Andover. The first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June. Carrier was arrested on May 28, along with her sister and brother-in-law, Mary and Roger Toothaker, their daughter Margaret (born 1683), and several others. They all were charged with witchcraft. Carrier, the first Andover resident caught up in the trials, was accused by the four Salem girls, as they were called, one of whom worked for a competitor of Toothaker. Beginning the previous January, two young Salem Village girls had begun having fits that included violent contortions and uncontrolled screaming. A study published in Science magazine in 1976 said the fungus ergot, found in rye, wheat, and other cereals, can cause delusions, vomiting, and muscle spasms, and rye had become the staple crop in Salem Village due to problems with cultivating wheat. But a local doctor diagnosed bewitchment. Other young local girls soon began to exhibit symptoms similar to those of the Salem Village children. On May 31, Judges John Hathorne, Jonathan Corwin, and Bartholomew Gedney examined Carrier, John Alden, Wilmott Redd, Elizabeth How, and Phillip English. Carrier maintained her innocence, though the accusing girls- Susannah Sheldon, Mary Walcott, Elizabeth Hubbard, and Ann Putnam- demonstrated their supposed afflictions caused by Carriers powers. Other neighbors and relatives testified about curses. She pleaded not guilty and accused the girls of lying. Carriers youngest children were coerced into testifying against their mother, and her sons Andrew (18) and Richard (15) were also accused, as was her daughter Sarah (7). Sarah confessed first, after which her son Thomas Jr. did as well. Then, under torture (their necks tied to their heels), Andrew and Richard also confessed, all implicating their mother. In July, Ann Foster, another woman accused in the trials, also implicated Martha Carrier, a pattern of the accused naming other people that was repeated again and again. Found Guilty On August 2, the court heard testimony against Carrier, George Jacobs Sr., George Burroughs, John Willard, and John and Elizabeth Proctor. On August 5, a trial jury found all six guilty of witchcraft and sentenced them to hang. Carrier was 33 years old when she was hanged on Salems Gallows Hill on August 19, 1692, with Jacobs, Burroughs, Willard, and John Proctor. Elizabeth Proctor was spared and later freed. Carrier shouted her innocence from the scaffold, refusing to confess to a falsehood so filthy even though it would have helped her avoid hanging. Cotton Mather, a Puritan minister and author at the center of the witch trials, was an observer at the hanging, and in his diary he noted Carrier as a rampant hag and possible Queen of Hell. Historians have theorized that Carrier was victimized because of a fight between two local ministers over disputed property or because of the selective smallpox effects in her family and community. Most agree, however, that her reputation as a disagreeable member of the community could have contributed. Legacy In addition to those who died, about 150 men, women, and children were accused. But by September 1692, the hysteria had begun to abate. Public opinion turned against the trials. The Massachusetts General Court eventually annulled verdicts against the accused witches and granted indemnities to their families. In 1711, Carriers family received 7 pounds and 6 shillings as recompense for her conviction. But bitterness lingered inside and outside the communities. The vivid and painful legacy of the Salem witch trials has endured for centuries as a horrific example of false witness. Noted playwright Arthur Miller dramatized the events of 1692 in his 1953 Tony Award-winning play â€Å"The Crucible,† using the trials as an allegory for the anti-Communist â€Å"witch hunts† led by Sen.  Joseph McCarthy  in the 1950s. Miller himself was caught up in McCarthys net, likely because of his play. Sources Salem Witch Trials Timeline. ThoughtCo.The Salem Witch Trials Victims: Who Were They? HistoryofMassachusetts.org.Salem Witch Trials. History.com.Salem Witchcraft Trials. WomensHistoryBlog.com.

30 Idioms About Common Shapes

30 Idioms About Common Shapes 30 Idioms About Common Shapes 30 Idioms About Common Shapes By Mark Nichol Figurative references to circles, squares, and triangles turn up in a variety of familiar expressions. Here’s a list of many of those idioms and their meanings. 1. To be a square peg in a round hole is to be someone who doesn’t fit in a particular environment, or in certain circumstances. 2. To go back to square one is to start over again because of a setback or an impasse. 3. The expression â€Å"Be there, or be square† alludes to often-lighthearted pressure to attend an event or suffer the consequences of being considered conventional and uninteresting. 4–6. To call something square, square something with someone, or square accounts is to agree with another party that neither party owes anything to the other one. 7. To circle around is to move in a circular motion to engage in reconnaissance or to figuratively evaluate a situation. 8. A circular argument is one in which the proposition is assumed to be true. 9. To come (or go) full circle is to figuratively return to one’s starting point. 10. Someone who could fight a circle saw is so tough that the thought of sparring with a deadly power tool does not faze him or her. 11. To say that something doesn’t cut any squares with one means that one refuses to be influenced. 12. To be fair and square is to treat everyone impartially. 13. To look someone square in the eye is to do so directly, indicating honesty. 14. A love, or eternal, triangle is a circumstance in which two people are in love with the same person. 15. To move in the same circles with someone is to have similar tastes and frequent the same locations. 16. Something on the square is done fairly, honestly, and openly. 17. To be out of square is to not be in agreement. 18. To run circles around (or run rings around) someone is to figuratively outcompete him or her to the extent that the other person seems to be standing still. 19. To run around in circles is to figuratively expend much effort with little result because of poor organization or planning. 20. A square answer is an honest one. 21. To square away is to rectify or put in order. 22. A square deal is a fair deal. 23. A square meal is a complete, nutritious set of food servings. â€Å"Three square meals† (often abbreviated to â€Å"three squares†) refers to the traditional daily schedule of breakfast, lunch, and dinner (or supper). 24. To square off is to prepare to fight or compete. 25. To square up is to settle or reconcile. It also means to confront someone or something courageously. 26. To square one’s shoulders is to literally straighten one’s shoulders before undertaking a difficult task or to figuratively prepare oneself for an effort. 27. To attempt to square the circle is to try to do the impossible. 28. To square something with someone means to obtain approval or permission 29. To speak or talk in circles is to discuss an issue or problem repetitively with no progress. 30. A vicious circle (or vicious cycle) is one in which solutions create new problems. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: Verb MoodPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

The Current Economic Crisis in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Current Economic Crisis in Australia - Essay Example Banks may be unable to reconstruct for the huge losses which have rooted or incurred by borrowers, default on interest as well as principle repayments. Another impact if investors and banks will not be able to make for the losses would be the increase credit card rates as well as other bank charges to make consumers compensate for the irresponsibility of the financial institutions and other banks. ABC News (2009) reported that, the economic meltdown will result to political instability. The impact of rigorously declined economic activity will spectacularly impact on Australia due to the fact that, narrow economic base, latent as it does on mining as well as agriculture, the former reliant on sales to China while the latter on the wheat sales, wool and meat. The Australian Business (2009) reported that, National Australia Bank warned regarding bad debts which were on the rise; the global economic catastrophe was hurting all its businesses. The economic crisis that Australia is now suffering may be the outcome of the credit expansion. This present crisis is the unavoidable development to a boom that necessarily follows each boom spawned by the effort to decline the "natural rate of interest" by escalating the fiduciary media. The unprofitability of numerous branches of production as well as the unemployment of a substantial portion of the workers can apparently not be owed to the deceleration in business single-handedly. Both the unprofitability and the being without a job are quite intensified by the general depression. Nonetheless, the populations are confronted with a new problem which is not yet fully answered by principles of cyclical changes alone (Ludwig Von Misses Institute,... This essay highlights the key reasons for the current economic crisis in Australia and discusses the likely effects to the country. The road to crisis in today’s economic crisis can be linked to the drastic privatization in Australia, to name some include: airports, port facilities, railways power, water, telecommunications. The economic crisis may also be the outcome of the credit expansion. This present crisis is the unavoidable development to a boom that necessarily follows each boom spawned by the effort to decline the â€Å"natural rate of interest† by escalating the fiduciary media. The unprofitability of numerous branches of production as well as the unemployment of a substantial portion of the workers can apparently not be owed to the deceleration in business single-handedly. Both the unprofitability and the being without a job are quite intensified by the general depression. The populations are confronted with a problem which is not yet answered by principles of cyclical changes alone The severity of the growth turn down will depend upon what happens to China. The Australian federal government has been alleged of being a government in no power to control the big banks as well as corporations. The huge institutions have apprehensive words of the Federal Treasurer. It seems that the banks are no longer ready to be restrained by the Reserve Bank or federal government . Australian federal government should restore some control over the economic direction since it is more essential than any further privatization.

Focus on Music and Drama in Carl Weathersby Blues Band Essay

Focus on Music and Drama in Carl Weathersby Blues Band - Essay Example All the songs, which Carl Weathersby performed, were had a mixture of classic blues elements, funk and R & B. Most of their songs were romantic in style and in performance (DuNoyer, 2003). The two songs that I remember the band played as I recorded are the â€Å"Hold On† (2005) and â€Å"I'm Still Standing Here† (Weathersby, 2009) both of which are the titles of his two most celebrated albums. When the band performed the song â€Å"Hold On†, one could tell by observation that the audience was moved. As a music student, I could note that the songs melody focused on the first, fourth and fifth chords in combination. In this case, the music started in the A chord and could predict the subsequent chord D and E. This predictability on my side made the song appealing and interesting to me. The melody of the song emphasized on the 3rd, 5th and 7th major scales flattened. This produced a harmonious blues piece that appealed to me and moved the audience. Moreover, in the song â€Å"Hold On†, the band was careful on the rhythm because the song consisted of the repetitive 12-bar and 48-beats pattern. The other interesting part of this song is that it was characteristic of lyric in the form of a question in the first lines and answers in the subsequent line. For example, â€Å"I have been down for a while, But I'm on my way back† (Weathersby, 2005). This way, the song â€Å"Hold On† is a satisfying song for the audience and its ensembles are what a music lover can long to experience. On the other hand, the song â€Å"I'm Still Standing Here† (2009) was not well as I expected. The song has a better musical text compared to the song â€Å"Hold On†, but the musical support was lacking.  Ã‚