Tesco Plc Financial Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tesco Plc Financial Analysis - Coursework Example Furthermore, Tesco operate online sales of product which has seen them expand internationally and get customers all over the world. There are reasons as to why Tesco is customers’ favorite store in the UK. Tesco have got a well analyzed capital structure which supports the growth of business plan with consideration of their expertise in the financial system and cash management. Tesco also has a business that deals in banking. In its finance department, Tesco has schemed on operation of its business and financial strategies which is inclusive on debt, financing, equity, and capital investment. Tesco as a corporation is authorized to give only three categories of capital stock. These categories are unlimited in number and are inclusive of preferred shares, common shares, and the 2nd preferred shares. The common shareholders are permitted to attendance of any meeting and receiving of notice of the Tesco’s shareholders. The common shareholders also have the right to only on e vote. Both the second and first shareholders are known as preferred shareholders. According to the rights of the preferred Shareholders, the common shareholders have gotten the right to receivership of any dividend that has been declared by Tesco Corporation and upon dissolution receive any remnants of Tesco Corporation. Tesco states that their main sources of finance are from medium and long term debts, retained profits, commercial paper, leases, issues and bank borrowings (Tesco 2007). There is a FY Tesco generated 2611 million pounds from their operating activities that financed 3 billion pounds expenditure on capital, inclusive of 1899 million profit that added to retained earnings. Another finance provider is from the shareholders. The company gets financed by debt more than equity. Leases also form a source of financing Tesco, which is a major contributor towards its balance sheet and in its capital structure. The financial strategy of Tesco seems to have moved to a change i n its capital structure hence making equity returns get better by the increase of finance debt in utilizing tax shield. Nevertheless, it seems that it is because of the ratio of debt-equity that there have not been any changes. To support this, by the year 2010, this ratio had actually dropped to approximately 0.11 from 0.12. After debt issues in the balance sheet and sale of property, this level was reinstated to its initial level. By consideration of this ratio, there is a sign that Tesco is not concentrated on improvement of shareholders’ equity return. Taking this to be their major goal, Tesco would have achieved it by the increase of leverage and more debt issue. Instead, they take advantage of conversion of assets into capital with the aim of making the shareholders interested. Question two Question two requires an explanation on what ‘FACTORING FOR BUSINESS’ means and its usefulness in an organization. Factoring for business is a transaction in finance tha t involves selling of a firm’s account receivables. In a detailed level, factoring involves the provision of finance by the factor to the account’s seller in advance cash form (Seidman, 2005). The accounts are always approximately 80 percent of the total price of the accounts purchase, taking into account payment of the purchase price balance, commission and upon collection other charges. The factor may opt for

Life in times of Second World War Essay Example for Free

Life in times of Second World War Essay I think it’s tougher to live through a war for an ordinary citizen than a soldier. A soldier in the battle field has little else to worry but about the next battle combined with his own fate. What’s more, a soldier always believes that the final outcome of the war can be influenced by his actions. Therefore he has a sense of participation and assurance to the results. However, for a civilian, a person detached from the field of action, there is nothing to do but to wait and hope. Many would say this situation is far better than to risk life in the battlefield; however, my personal experience says that the feeling of inaction and helplessness that comes being a civilian is choking. There is nothing more depressing than listening to war news while being unable to influence its outcome in any significant way. I was suffering from stomach ulcer when the war had started and the military doctors had refused to accept me in the services. It’s true that as a wartime civilian I actively engaged myself in health institutions, where serving the wounded gave a sense of contribution to the war efforts and belongingness to the conflict that had so deeply afflicted the lives of over 10 million people. The first phase of the war Although we had declared war upon Germany in ‘39, there was no feeling of anticipation of war or sense threat anywhere in London. No one really took the announcement any more serious than a brawl between two children (Wilson, 41). I was a teacher in a boy’s school and the shining and exciting faces of children represented as if an exciting cricket match was awaiting then. Then everything suddenly changed. I heard with a growing sense of threat the advancements that belligerent German armies made through continental Europe Wood and Depster, 155). It was incredible how nothing seemed to stand before them. Belgium, Poland, France, each falling like a pack of cards before. And then the first bomb struck London in September ‘40. So far I can recall, there was no panic, but a doomed sense of determination that we all felt, eager to carry out our own duties in the process (Fusell, 29). The local authorities had tutored us well on the use of gas masks and bunkers in times of raids. Blackouts were everyday event. Whenever there was a raid by German warplanes, which was daily, the entire city switched itself off, plunging everything in absolute darkness. It was a unique experience-a sense of thrill combined with dread as our warplanes rose high to combat the German bombers. (Fusell, 15) I took shelter in a large bunker that was built in the back park. Many people, with a garden space in their home, had built Anderson shelter and stayed put there. Many like me, choose the public shelter. I don’t know about others, but just sitting there quietly with so many people around inspired me with comfort and security (Air Ministry, 16). Public shelters were less safe of course, and being of larger dimensions they were easily prone to attack. As it happened, unfortunately some of them were struck by bombs and many innocent lives were lost (Fusell, 15). If anything this further resolved us to face the flying German menaces. Every morning when I left the shelter and moved through streets of London, smoldering buildings, shattered vehicles and running ambulances met the sight. I knew people had died during the German raids and it gave me a guilty feeling, having survived the night when many of fellow citizens could not. The bombing lasted for two full months and every day I followed the same routine of spending the night in the dark, blacked out shelter. After the end of bombing by end of October, I thought perhaps things would return to normalcy. I really wanted that. The scarred face of London, the wreckage of buildings and lives lost filled me with disquiet. But as news came pouring in of German advances and expansion of war in Africa and Asia, I did not see any end to the conflict (Wilson, 65). The daily life had suddenly changed its character. In almost a complete reversal of the situation, the security, comfort and ease of former days were replaced by a continued sense of urgency and parsimony that pervaded the entire London Wood and Depster, 155). Gone were the days of daily parties, weekly sojourns, weekends at country houses, and the luxuriant English life style. I had personally been only occasionally involved in these attractions, but as I used to travel from my school to home in the evening, music and revelry were heard from many of the pretty bungalows and houses-this was in the pre war day. It had all suddenly died out. Most of the men had left for war, and women had stepped out to fill the vacant positions Wood and Depster, 155). England did not produce sufficient quantity of food to meet its own requirements and imported most of the food grains and items for its consumption (Wood and Depster, 155). Wartime conditions had severely restricted the food supply and we saw implementation of rationing system, where food was allocated through family quota (Gorrora, 71). I was never a glutton, but over the years, tea had become one of my daily requirements. With war, rationing and quota, tea vanished from the market. Other items of daily requirements-sugar, beef, and milk also became extremely scarce. No one complained of the scarcity, but everyone felt the pinch of it. After the London bombing I volunteered to join an emergency medical camp, which brought a constant engagement and action in my life. But it was not the type of engagement I could cherish. Meeting severely injured men, women and children, soldiers who had lost their limbs or were dying due to diseases, gangrene and fatal wounds was an unbearable exercise for my will and personal stamina (Wilson, 71). However, despite my personal sense of despair, there was a rising hope within England that it would stand against the Axis powers and this hope in itself was a motivation enough for me to work in the hospital day and night. There were many nights in continuation when I hardly closed my eyes for an hour Our hope and endurance finally paid off when after 5 years of bloodshed, the war finally culminated. We were already prepared by the general tidings for this news, but the immense relief brought by even this known information is indescribable (Wilson, 101). It appeared that after being buried alive for years, I had once again appeared on the surface, free to breath the fresh air, free to see the sun, free to live again. Reference Wilson, E. Dangerous Sky: A Resource Guide to the Battle of Britain. Greenwood Press, 1995. 128 pgs. Wood, D. and Depster, D. D. The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the Rise of Air Power 1930-40. Hutchinson, 1961. 538 pgs. Air Ministry. The First Great Air Battle in History: The Battle of Britain, an Air Ministry Record of the Great Days from August 8th to October 31st, 1940. Garden City Publishing, 1941. 56 pgs. Fussell, P. Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World WarBook; Oxford University Press, 1990. 330 pg Burdett, Gorrara, C and Peitch, H. 1999. European Memories of the Second World War. Berghahn Books, 1999. 338 pg

Dyslexia Essay -- Learning Disabilities Dyslexic Essays Papers

Dyslexia Growing, developing and learning are the facts of life for all children. Each day children are faced with many new concepts and various challenges. Can you imagine how it feels for a child to face not only new challenges life has, but to face these challenges while living with a learning disability? These challenges are met not just when they begin school either. Students suffer from learning disabilities from the moment they begin learning, not when they start school. Learning disabilities are real and they affect millions of people. â€Å"One such disability that affects over approximately 15 percent of the total American population is dyslexia† ( Nosek 5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We will discuss the following issues and areas surrounding dyslexia: What is dyslexia? Causes of dyslexia. Two different terms to describe dyslexia. Characteristics of someone with dyslexia. The learning process. Three areas that are affected by the disability. Focusing and behavior. Misconceptions about dyslexia. Seeking help through organizations. What exactly is dyslexia? â€Å"The word dyslexia is derived from the Greek â€Å"dys† meaning poor or inadequate and â€Å"lexis† meaning language. Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by problems in expressive or receptive, oral or written language†(Wilkins URL). Simply put, dyslexia means trouble with reading, writing, and spelling. Dyslexia is not stupidity, laziness, lack of interest, or anything to be ashamed of. Dyslexia is not a disease; it has no cure and it will not go away. It knows no age, gender, or class boundaries. â€Å"There is a significant disproportion between the sexes, however. The proportions of male to female dyslexics are 3 to 1. Dyslexia can also be compared to amnesia because it is selective† (Bakker 23). Some experts use the term specific learning disability instead of dyslexia† Despite much research, nobody knows what causes dyslexia. Current research is focused on such possible causes as genetics, physiology, biochemistry, and structural changes in the brain. â€Å"There are theories that something is wrong with the brain or that certain chemicals are missing. One of the most popular theory is that dyslexia is a structural defect in the brain which involves the central nervous system† (Irlen 98). Numerous studies have been done throughout the years. â€Å"In 1907, the idea was first expressed that the genetic fac... ...start to cry. -David Artuso People can learn to cope and adjust to dyslexia by using different avenues, just the same as a blind person learns to survive in his environment. â€Å"Dyslexics have to work with and around their condition, not dream of getting over it† (Hurfort 33). Dyslexia is a condition that requires change in the person’s everyday life, not just in reading and writing, in order to perform well in society. Once a dyslexic adapts, according to his or her needs, that person can do anything a non-dyslexic person can do. Works Cited Bakker, D.J. Developmental Dyslexia and Learning Disorders. Germany: Karger Publishing, 1987. Grolier’s Encyclopedia New York: Macmillan Education Company 1994 Hurford, Daphne. To Read or Not to Read. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. Irlen, Helen. Reading By the Colors. New York: Avery Publishing Group, 1991. Nosek, Kathleen. The Dyslexic Scholar, Helping Your Child Succeed in the School System. Texas: Taylor Publishing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company, 1995. Savage, John. Understanding Reading Problems. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. Wilkins, Angela. What is Dyslexia? http://www.interdys.org/about_dy.stm. May 15, 1999.

Bullying Essay

The issue of bullying may seem like something that should not be taken seriously, and it is quite often something we are all likely to neglect. If you place yourself in the shoes of the victim, the issue is in fact not a joke, but extremely serious. I think that there should be consequences for bullies because they should not be able to get away with hurting other children. Simply yelling at a kid for bullying another will not do anything to change the bully’s mind at all. Getting detention or in school suspension seems to not fix the problem of bullying. They will keep bullying and continue to create more problems for the victim. Bullying is a serious issue in today’s society. Over 3.2 million students are victims of bullying each year and approximately 160,000 of those students skip school every day because of it. Most bullying takes place in school and 1 in 4 teachers see nothing wrong with bullying and will only interfere 4 percent of the time. Teacher’s that witness bullying and don’t do one thing about it is a huge problem because then the bullies don’t learn that the bullying is wrong. In my opinion, other than yelling at a kid for bullying, there should be more consequences that the bully should face. I would suggest the following consequences be put in place. First offense would be in school suspension. Second offense would be in school suspension and counseling. I think this would be effective because maybe kids will now see repercussions for their actions. I think it would be a better idea to have more consequences for the bully because it will give them the opportunity to look at the situation in the eyes of the person that they hurt. There are many benefits to punishing a bully. One benefit is the bully is aware that they are targeting someone in an unfair way. Being aware is one of the first steps to changing your bad behavior. Another benefit is the victim can be more comfortable going to school and can rest a sure that the bullying will stop, otherwise there will be further consequences. This will not only be beneficial to the victims in the school, but also to the authority figures because they will no longer be a problem. Disciplining a bully will result in multiple benefits. Most do not think much of bullying but in reality it is a widespread problem. Being personally targeted by others whether in school or out of school can tend to have a negative effect upon the victim, and may not always have a great turnout. I think that there should be more consequences for a bully’s actions.

Exclusionary Rule Essay

The exclusionary rule is a legal procedure in the United States, which falls under the constitution. It protects citizens of the country in making sure that law enforcement officers are operating lawfully and that they abide by all search and seizure laws. It goes so far to protect the citizens of The United States that if a law enforcement officer illegally obtains evidence it can and most likely will be thrown out of the court. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the exclusionary rule, exploring its fallacies and importance while also including the history and evolution of the controversial exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule is a very important legal principle in the United States and is crucial to keeping law enforcement and the judicial system in a fair balance with accordance to the United States Constitution. The exclusionary rule was never even thought about or existed until the early 20th century. Samaha (2012) states that before the exclusionary rule ever existed the only remedy for constitutional violations involving the exclusionary rule were private lawsuits. The framers of the constitution had it in their mind that judges would just handle each case as they see fitting to the nature of the situation. However this seemed not to work for quite  some time as there was a police misunderstanding of the 4th and 5th amendments figuratively speaking. It wasn’t until 1914 when citizens of the United States began to receive their liberty back piece by piece. In the case of _Weeks v U.S.,_ federal officials raided his house in order to obtain evidence in a gambling case against Freemont Weeks. They had no warrant and no right to be in his house to seize any  of his possessions. So Freemont appealed and he won, in a way. The Supreme Court ruled to give back his belongings. They did not return contraband and this rule only applied to the federal law enforcement. Which is why this is the first hint of a trend towards a prominent and well known exclusionary rule. There was many Judges and government officials who still refused to side with Justice Edward White in the case of Freemont Weeks. For example, in the case of _People v. Defore_ Judge Cardozo mad his opinion very well-known and famous. According to Kamisar (2003) in the _People v. Defore_ case Judge Cardozo boasts his opinion very loudly and clearly stating that he would not adopt the exclusionary rule within New York. Kamisar (2003) then goes on to quote Judge Cardozo: â€Å"excluding illegally seized evidence was not the only effective way to enforce the Fourth Amendment†. Cardozo was not the last Judge or Justice to disagree with the new trend. The next case to disagree with Cardozo and many other opposing Judges would have to be _Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. U.S._ (1920). Justice Department officers and a U.S. Marshall entered the lumber company’s office and illegally obtained all of the company’s documents. They then went on to make photo copies and subpoenaed the Silverthornes. When they refused to follow court orders they were taken into custody for contempt of court. Samaha (2012) states that â€Å"According to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, the government’s search and seizure ‘was an outrage'†. This case expanded the exclusionary rule introducing the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine. This doctrine bans the use of evidence indirectly based on an illegal government  action. Even after multiple court cases ruled in favor of the exclusionary many state legislatures still were not in agreement with the [exclusionary] rule. Some legislatures found ways around the fourth amendment. In the case of _Coolidge v. New Hampshire_ New Hampshire’s legislature was challenged on their warrant issuing practices. According to Lynch (2000) New Hampshire law was very controversial in the manner of how warrants were issued. The warrant-issuing power was vested in the Justice of the Peace. Now judges must issue warrants; but in the past it was very prominent for Justices of the Peace to fulfill this duty. In New Hampshire they vested the Justice of the Peace within the executive branch of the government. In other words, according to Lynch (2000) the â€Å"police officers had subverted the Fourth Amendment by issuing search warrants to themselves†. The Supreme Court ruled that New Hampshire’s practices were unconstitutional because the executive branch was issuing warrants to themselves. This practice was very opposing to the idea of checks and balances. This court case was a very historical one in which ruled in application with the separation of powers doctrine. It also further supported the exclusionary rule. One of the biggest cases in the history of the United States and the biggest turning point for the exclusionary rule was in the case of _Mapp v. Ohio._ In this case officers forcibly entered Miss Mapp’s home without a search warrant or consent and provided a false warrant. Before this case not all states adopted the exclusionary rule. In the dissent by Harlan, Frankfurter, and Whittaker (1961) they stated that the â€Å"_Weeks_ exclusionary rule should also be enforced against the states†. Lafave (2009) also touches on the case quoting the courts statements: â€Å"[A]ll evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is, by that same authority, inadmissible in a state court†. Estreicher, S. and Weick, D. P. (2010) make an extremely valid  and important point; stressing that the exclusionary rule is â€Å"constitutionally required because it was the ‘only effective available way’ to enforce the constitutional guarantyâ⠂¬ . This case is so historically significant because of this ruling. Finally, nearly 50 years after the _Weeks_ case, the exclusionary rule applied to all states. Even though the rule applied to all states we still did not have every aspect of the rule covered. The ‘Knock and Announce’ rule was always under controversy as to if the exclusionary rule was applicable in such situations. It wasn’t until _Hudson v. Michigan_ when the courts clarified the issue. The police had a warrant to enter _Hudson’s_ home and when they knocked and announced their presence they waited a mere three to five seconds before entering the premise. Hudson appealed stating his fourth amendment rights were violated because the officers did not follow ‘Knock and Announce’ procedures. His evidence was suppressed, but later the appeal was reversed by Michigan Court of Appeals. According to Justice Scalia the waiting period of the officers had no connection to the discovery of the illegal drugs and weapons. Because of this case the ‘Knock and Announce Rule’ was clarified by stating that the rule did not have any interest in preventing the government from taking evidence described in a warrant. Tomkovicz (2008) believes that this case was intended to further the restrictions on the exclusionary rule. I have to agree with Tomkovicz in this statement. Gittins (2007) also makes a valid argument in concerning the argument. He [Gittins] states that during the night hours residents will have a longer period of time in which they will be able to open the door. However the courts have found that very short periods of time (five seconds) can be â€Å"reasonable wait times†. Courts are still in the process of clarifying the exclusionary rule; although _Hudson v. Michigan_ added some amount of clarity to the issue. Lastly, and the most recent court case concerning the exclusionary rule is _Herring v. U.S._ in which a recalled arrest warrant was executed  accidently. The Coffee County Sheriff’s Department were executing a warrant in which the county clerk found to be accurate. Upon arrest they soon learned the warrant was recalled some five months ago. Herring moved to suppress the evidence on the motion that his warrant was rescinded. Josephson (2009) states that the courts generally exclude the exclusionary rule when there are negligent errors amongst recordkeeping. The court denied Herring’s motion for suppression because of the Good Faith Clause established in _U.S. v. Leon._ This is a significant case because of how it furthered the interpretation of the exclusionary rule. Josephson (2009) explains how this case interpreted the exclusionary rule’s main goal which is â€Å"the deterrence of unconstitutional police conduct†. Therefore by the police unknowingly executing what they thought to be an accurate warrant left the evidence applicable in courts. The exclusionary rule is intended to keep law enforcement and federal officials in check with the constitution. But often there is the controversial topic of whether or not the framers of the constitution intended for such a rule. The framers never had any motion to include an â€Å"exclusionary rule† into the fourth amendment. However, Geller (1975) makes an excellent observation stating that the framers didn’t provide any remedies for a violation of the fourth amendment. Which brings me to my next topic of the controversy. Because the framers left no remedies for violations of the fourth amendment, the courts were left to create the exclusionary rule to deter law enforcement from violating citizen’s rights. Many argue  that this does not effectively deter officers. Geller (1975) argues that there is no significant evidence to support such claims. Geller (1975) also comments on alternatives declaring that â€Å"Until data [is] available concerning the effect of these alternatives, it is impossible to state with any degree of certainty that these alternatives are either more effective or less effective than the exclusionary rule.† The last major issue I found in Geller’s (1975) journal came from a group called Americans for Effective Law Enforcement (AELE). They seem to believe the exclusionary rule is no longer necessary due to the high degree of police professionalism. AELE believe police violations are unintentional and because of their high degree of professionalism they act in â€Å"Good Faith†. Therefore petty mistakes allow evidence to be excluded and free criminals. Until there is a significant study that entails multiple well rounded solutions to the exclusionary rule; I do not see any possible alternatives. The exclusionary rule was created almost one hundred years ago. The rule will continue to be reformed and transformed as time goes on. Although there may be a substantial argument pertaining to the issue, we need the exclusionary rule. Undoubtedly the rule has an abundance of justifications compared to its fallacies. It was stated loud and clear by the framers some two hundred years ago what rights we as American people possess. The exclusionary rule is a major backbone of the judicial system of our country, it maintains the system of checks and balances keeping the American people’s rights prevalent and intact. The exclusionary rule is in working order, being reformed every day to protect our civil liberty and keep the integrity of our constitution set out by our own framers. Bibliography Estreicher, S. and Weick, D. P. (2010) Opting for a legislative alternative to the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule. UMKC Law Review. 78, 949. Gittins, J. (2007). Excluding the exclusionary rule. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2007, 451-481. Josephson, M. (2009). To exclude or not to exclude: The future of the exclusionary rule after Herring v. United States. Creighton Law Review, 43, 175-203. Kamisar, Y. (2003). In defense of the search and seizure exclusionary rule. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 26(1), 119. Lafave, W. (2009). Recent developments: The smell of Herring: A critique of the Supreme Court’s latest assault on the exclusionary rule. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 99(3), 757-787. Lynch, T. (2000). In defense of the exclusionary rule. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 23(3), 711. Samaha, J. (2012). Criminal procedure (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth. Tomkovicz, J. (2008). Hudson v. Michigan and the Future of Fourth Amendment Exclusion Iowa Law Review, 93. Retrieved October 29, 2013, from http://www.law.uiowa.edu/documents/ilr/to Bibliography Geller W. ,Enforcing the Fourth Amendment: The Exclusionary Rule and Its Alternatives, 1975 Wash. U. L. Q. 621 (1975).

LAPORAN PEMBEKALAN MATERI PESERTA PLPG TAHUN 2017 Essays

LAPORAN PEMBEKALAN MATERI PESERTA PLPG TAHUN 2017 Essays LAPORAN PEMBEKALAN MATERI PESERTA PLPG TAHUN 2017 Nama: Ridwan NUPTK: 9143764665110043 Nomer Peserta: 17191515710097 Bidang Studi: Bahasa Inggris Nama Sekolah: SMPN 2 Panca Rijang LAPORAN PEMBEKALAN MATERI PERIODE EMPAT Sumber Belajar Bidang Studi Ringkasan Materi DISCUSSION Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different points of view. It presents pro and contra opinion on certain issue. The purpose of a discussion text is to present ar guments and information from differing viewpoints. Discussion texts are usually written in the present tense. Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas . It is important to to get the understanding between the two differences. In many socia l activities, discussion is the effective way to calm down any friction and difference in thought, perception and recommendation. Generic Structure Issue: contains of statement and preview about something. Arguments for /Supporting arguments: after stating the issue, it is necessary to present the argument to support that one point is agreeing. Arguments against : beside the support ing argument, discussion text needs the arguments which disagree to the stated issue. Recommendation/conclusion: It is used to tell how to solve issue by concerning the arguments for and against Language Features Relating verb/to be: is, am, are, etc. Using thinking verb: feel, hope, believe, etc. Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection: similarly, on the hand, however, etc. Using modalities: must, should, could, may, etc. Using adverbial of manner: deliberately, hopefully, etc. Conjunction/transition: although, even, if, etc To imply main idea in order to keep them all tightly linked. we can do the following action Read the passage entirely first : All the details might not make sense immediately, but you should start to see patterns Examine individual details : to see how they relate to the common thread. Put the details together : to find out what the main idea is. We can look at the details together to see that the implied of the main idea . Coherence Coherence means the connection of ideas at the idea level, and cohesion means the connection of ideas at the sentence level. Basically, coherence refers to the "rhetorical" aspects of your writing, which include dev eloping and supporting your argu ment (e.g. thesis statement development), synthesizin g and integrating readings, organizing and clarifying ideas. The cohesion of writing focuses on the "grammati cal" aspects of writing. One of the practical tools that can help improve the coherence of your writing is to use a concept map . The concept map is also known as " reverse outline " since you make an outline of your paper after you have finished the m ain ideas of your paper. Write down the main idea of each paragraphwhich is called a topic sentence on a blank piece of paper. Check to see if the topic sentences are connected to th e thesis statement of your paper or if you have strayed from your main ar gument. As you repeat this process, it will help you become more aware of ho w to develop your argument coherently and how to organize your ideas effectively. He re is a concept map template you can use. Cohesion is also a very important aspect of academic writing, because it immediately affects the tone of your writing. Although some instructors may say that you will not lose points because of grammatical errors in your paper, you may lose points if the tone of your writing is sloppy or too casual (a diary-type of writing or choppy sentences will make the tone of your writing too casual for academic writing). But cohesive writing does not mean just "grammatically correct" sentences; cohesive writing refers to the connection of your ideas both at t he sentence level and at the paragraph level. HORTATORY EXPOSITION A hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done. In other words, the main function of Hortatory Exposition text is to persuade the readers or listener that something should or should not be the case. In other words, this kind of text can be called as argumentation. Hortatory

Why videos go viral Essays - Viral Videos, YouTube Videos

Why videos go viral Essays - Viral Videos, YouTube Videos Why videos go viral Kevin Allocca Social media This TED Talk explains how videos go viral, and why it matters. First of all Kevin Allocca started saying that when he was young, being popular was a hard thing to accomplish, but now you can get it easily, by 3 different factors: tastemakers, communities in participation and unexpectedness; he presented some data showed that every minute in YouTube, 48 hours of video are uploaded, and just a tiny percent of it get millions of views. After this he showed a video of filmed by a man that showed a double rainbow in the camp, became very popular, since it got 23 million views, after that he showed a graph about the views that the video had and was perceptible that the video got viral months after being published. It happened because Jimmy Kimmel tweeted this video. This was the first factor, the Tastemaker, the ones who introduce new and interesting things to a larger audience. Then he played another video called Friday, sang by Rebecca Black, this video was played two hundred million ti mes; again showed more data but now about this video, this time some tastemakers posted the video accelerating the process, making it very popular, that it had its own parodies, he showed that every day of the week had its own song. This was the second factor, community participation, which means spreading it and doing something new with it. Then he played a video called the Nyan Cat, which was just an animated cat with a pink cookie and a rainbow with a funny song. It was viewed nearly five hundred million times, then he told the crowd that if they thought that was weird, there was a three hour version of the video and was viewed 4 million times. Then showed a video of a cat watching this video, and another video of a cat watching the Nyan Cat video, and emphasized that the important there, was the creativity, the showed some versions of the Nyan Cat such as the old version, then showed the international ones representing Japan, such as the Japanese, French, Mexican Russian and the American version. He pointed also that now we dont just enjoy but participate, and again showed a video but now of a girl playing the Nyan Cat in violin. And this was the last factor, unexpectedness, those vids that are truly unique, and unexpected. He shared that one of his friends told him to watch a video about a guy protesting bicycles finds in New York City, in his videos he accidentally fell, and then started to fall on his other videos to make them viral. Getting 5 million views. To conclude he said that this approach held for anything new that we do creatively and so it brings us to a big question, What does it mean?. To conclude he said that tastemakers create participating communities complete unexpectedness are characteristics in a new kind of media and culture where anyone has access and the audience defines the popularity and used as example to Justin Bieber, because he got famous starting on youtube, and said that this are not old media and it will define the entertai nment of the future. I chose this Ted Talk because is very interesting for me, and now in the technology era, I think is important to know more about media. This talk gave more understanding of how we interact with technology, because showing graphs and personal experiences made it easy and fun to get it. Also this ted talk showed that today besides all bad things happening there are people in the world that one to share their happiness. This video affected the way I watched simple viral videos and understand how it got viral and how I cooperated to make it happen. Even this talk was about three years ago these three factor are true.