Unit G Psychology free essay sample

Glucose is: A. the hormone produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior. B. the neurotransmitter that promotes satiation and produces feelings of fullness as you eat. C. also called the hunger hormone because its presence in the lining of the stomach strongly stimulates appetite. *D. also called blood sugar and is the primary source of energy in your body. 2. Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Maslows theory of motivation? A. Maslows initial studies on self-actualization were based on limited samples and often relied on the life stories of acquaintances, and biographies and autobiographies of historical figures he selected. B. The concept of self-actualization is vague and almost impossible to define in such a way that it could be empirically measured or tested. C. Despite the claim that that self-actualization is an inborn motivational goal, most people do not experience or achieve self-actualization. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit G Psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * D. Because of Maslows influence, psychology was encouraged to focus on the motivation and development of psychologically healthy people. 3. Psychologists define the term _____ as a complex psychological state that involves subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response. A. motivation *B. emotion C. self-efficacy D. anthropomorphism 4. Which of the following lists the correct sequence of sleep stages during the first 90 minutes of sleep? * A. stage 1 NREM, stage 2 NREM, stage 3 NREM, stage 4 NREM, REM sleep B. REM sleep, stage 4 NREM, stage 3 NREM, stage 2 NREM, stage 1 NREM C. stage 1 REM, stage 2 REM, stage 3 REM, stage 4 REM, NREM D. wakefulness, drowsiness, dreaming, deep sleep, paradoxical sleep 5. Sleep restriction studies have shown that: A. research participants adapted to the four-hour-per-night sleep schedule by the end of the first week and showed no cognitive or physical impairments over the course of the experiments. B. there were some beneficial effects in terms of memory consolidation, reaction time, and immune system functioning. * C. mmune system functioning, concentration, vigilance, reaction time, memory skills, and ability to gauge risk were all diminished. D. there is no evidence to support the notion that REM and NREM sleep deprivation result in REM and NREM rebound effects. 6. Sleepwalking and sleep terrors are _______ that tend to occur in _______. *A. parasomnias; stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep B. parasomnias; REM sleep C. dyssomnias; stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep D. dyssom nias; REM sleep 7. Which of the following is an example of a parasomnia? A. insomnia B. narcolepsy C. obstructive sleep apnea *D. leep-related eating disorder (SRED) 8. Scientists found that diminished levels of a special class of neurotransmitter called hypocretins, which are produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, have been implicated in a sleep disorder called _______. * A. narcolepsy B. obstructive sleep apnea C. sexsomnia D. somnambulism 9. Heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol, and nicotine are all addictive drugs that increase levels of which neurotransmitter in the brain? A. serotonin B. melatonin C. norepinephrine * D. dopamine 10. Caffeine: * A. is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world. B. gets its stimulant effect by promoting the release of adenosine in the brians prefrontal cortex. C. gets its stimulant effect by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. D. is the most widely used non-physically addictive drug in the world. 11. Which of the following is a derivative of opium? A. mescaline B. Oxycontin C. psilocybin * D. codeine 12. According to _____ theories of motivation, behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs. A. incentive * B. drive C. humanistic D. instinct 13. According to the _____ theory of emotion, your subjective emotional experience is the direct result of physical changes in your body. *A. James-Lange B. cognitive-appraisal C. self-determination D. Schachter-Singer two-factor 14. Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise comprise the list that Paul Ekman calls: A. the facial code. B. facial movements. C. the primary code. * D. primary affects. 15. When people mask an emotion: A. it is impossible to detect their true emotion. *B. the true emotion flashes on their face before they compose their face. C. the true emotion can be read in their eyes. D. their facial muscles always twitch. 16. How do Psychoactive drugs work? -once in our bloodstream, psychoactive drugs influence our behavior by altering the functioning of the central nervous system in some way. 17. What is anger? What features does anger share with other emotions? Anger is an emotional state that varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage, Like other emotions, it is accompanied by physiological and biological changes; when you get angry, your heart rate and blood pressure go up, as do the levels of your energy hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. 8. Define dyssomnia- A general term used to describe any sleeping condition where a person has trouble either getting to sleep or staying asleep. 19. Define parasomnia- A category of sleep disorders in which abnormal events occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking or talking; due to inappropriately timed activation of physiological systems. 20. Define hypnosis- An artificially induced trance st ate resembling sleep, characterized by heightened susceptibility to suggestion.

How to Write a Book Review Complete Guide - Paperell.com

How to Write a Book Review Complete Guide How To Write A Book Review? Most students have come across a situation where they had to write a book review. It can be quite daunting but with the right approach, there is nothing to fear. This article should set on you on the right track.What Is A Book Review?A book review is a critical assessment of a given text: a good review should include a detailed description, analysis, and evaluation of the literature. It should convey your own opinion with supporting evidence from the book. That means there should be an argument you develop as you comment on various aspects of the literature. It is not a simple description of the plot or content: think of it as entering a dialogue and a discussion with the author and the intended reader. You should criticize the writer and pointing out where you agree or disagree.. At the same time, identify where the work is exemplary or weak in its scope, argument, or structure. Your opinion on the book should be stated clearly but also invite the reader to makes their own judgments and conclusion, which might not necessarily be consistent with yours. Your task is to outline the tools that enable readers to form their own objective opinion, despite having read yours. The structure of a book review is similar to other academic writing. It should include a thesis statement formed by you, supporting body paragraphs citing the book, and a conclusion to round it off. Knowing how to write a literature review is an essential skill.A book review format typically presupposes that reviews are kept concise and focused on the task. If you look through examples in academic journals or newspapers, they seldom exceed 1000 words. However, this may not be the case for you, as it depends on your instructions: for instance, extended commentaries are not uncommon in academic writing. Generally speaking, book reviews tend to be succinct. They may vary in subject, tone, and style, but for most purposes share a common set of features:You are required to give a brief summary of the l iterature. This should include a relevant description of the subject, which is followed by a key argument, the author’s perspective, and purpose.More importantly, include a critical evaluation of the content. Introduce your general reaction to the text, identify what is noteworthy, whether you feel the writer achieved their goals and how the work improved your understanding of the issue at hand.You can also include a recommendation. It is a personal opinion on whether you would advise the book to others.Book Review TemplateWriting a book review can be a tough task, as it is hard to form an opinion on something you do not feel qualified to assess. The book might not have caught your attention either. This especially becomes a problem when we are talking about award-winning world-famous literature – who are you to express your thoughts on such a universally recognized piece of art? On top of that, there is so much critical literature on it already that it may appear impo ssible to add anything to it. The idea is to pretend to be an expert to your reader even if you lack the qualifications. You will not be expected to surpass the writer’s genius, but if you make a bit of effort and closely observe the text, you will gather a solid base to enable you to make your own judgments. It is quite a skill to learn to express disagreement tactfully. You have to provide evidence that will later help with other assignments. Some professional book reviews can be found on the New York Times website just to give you an idea.A good book review should follow a template like this:Subject of the book;Summary of its contents;Author’s argument;Your critical appraisal of the book and its argument;Your personal recommendation.A perfect book review is a correct balance of opinions and concrete examples. It also includes your critical evaluation based on a clearly defined rationale and a recommendation to the audience. This way your reader will get a general id ea. They would know whether to enjoy reading it or it would be of no use to them. It is also a good idea to place the book in a wider historical context to demonstrate its relevance and importance. Ultimately, this leaves the reader to make a weighted decision based on multiple factors.Having learned how to review a book, you will understand it ought to focus on opinions instead of facts or details. The first two parts should be kept to a minimum, allowing more room for arguments illustrated by specific details from the book. Seem too complicated? To get professional help with this task you can always use a book report writing service.Recommendations While ReadingThere is no better way of writing a book review than with thorough planning, which is an essential step whenever you are working on any academic writing task. It always takes some planning. When you first read specific literature, you might not have approached it as a critic, but to be successful with a book review, you mus t apply some critical thinking. Thus, it is a two-step process. While reading you have to develop your argument and taking notes that support it Having finished reading, it is important to document your findings and opinions in a structured draft. Include supporting evidence too!Some of the points to consider include:Thesis or main argument of the book – what has the author accomplished;Subject or topic of the book – the author’s approach, covered aspects;How is the author’s argument supported – is it convincing;Structure of the argument – its parts, how persuasive is it;The Book’s contribution to your understanding of the subject.It may also be useful to go beyond the work and contemplate the place of an author in society and history, as well as the book’s genre and context. Take a closer look at how some of the most popular reviews were written here.Advice On WritingOnce you have brought together your observations and assessm ents, inspect your notes and unify them into a statement that makes up your thesis. Don’t forget to include your main arguments for it as well.It is common to approach the task starting with an emphasis on the writer’s argument and gradually develop your own. How you balance it depends on whether you feel confident enough that your audience is more interested in your personal argument based on the primary evidence or it would be more beneficial to place emphasis on the author’s ideas. Â  It is up to you to find the correct balance without compromising quality.The structure of a review is standard. You should start off with an introduction that provides a brief book review outline and provides general information about the book and its author. This should include placing them in a context and describing the writer’s and your personal theses.The introduction is followed by a short summary of the content. Its length can vary depending on the assignment and whether the intended audience has read the book already. But don’t forget: analysis is more important!The main part is analysis and evaluation: each paragraph of this block should deal with a single aspect of your argument. Such structure helps you stay organized. It requires providing supporting evidence for each idea. In most cases, you should avoid organizing your argument chronologically – it makes more sense to do it by topics, the author’s methods, or other elements of the book.In your conclusion, make your final judgment without introducing new evidence. It is a sound idea to go beyond the book by relating your argument to a wider context. Balance the book’s strengths and weaknesses and make one final assessment. Additional help with article review is always within your reach.Review the book written by the author, not your image of it: be objective and constructive with your criticism; use precise language to set the correct tone for your book revi ew. Do not hesitate to express your own opinions supporting them with evidence. Your instructor is looking for you to challenge the writer and read some fresh comments. At the same time, you have to be impartial – make sure your review is not biased because the author has put in a lot of time into their work.

Diversity interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diversity interview - Assignment Example The obvious differences between us is the manner we practice our faith. I am a Catholic while Cyrus is a Muslim. We also have gender differences, he is male while I am female. We also have generational differences with him belonging to Generation X while I belong to Generation Y. Cyrus and I enjoyed talking about our adjustment here in the USA especially when he narrated the funny things he did just to fit in and to some extent, the cultural shock he experienced. I am most comfortable with this topic because this is funny and not sensitive to talk about. The aspect that is least comfortable for me to talk about him was religion. Before asking about it, I had to explain myself at length that this is for a diversity class and that I do not mean to be offensive, and that if I already am, he could interrupt me anytime during the interview. I am not comfortable with the topic of religion because I do not want to be offensive to Cyrus especially that I am a Catholic. I do not want our differences cause friction between us because is such a nice man. You see, Catholic launched a crusade against Islam during the Middle Age and this makes the topic touchy. The most important insight I develop is that our fears and anxiety about Muslims are baseless. For example, I was not comfortable talking about religion especially comparing Catholicism and Islam and that he might still be hooked with the idea of the Crusade. To my surprise however, he is more eager to talk about it and is more conciliatory than I am. Just like the most of us, he does not want to make religion an issue that divides people. He also worries about terrorism in the same manner that we worry about it. This relates to our discussion of our diversity in a manner that our seeming differences after all are not insurmountable if only we keep an open line of communication and if we are willing to talk about it. In talking to

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 7

Case Study Example Despite these challenges many women fail to understand or are ignorant that the law provides them with rights. The case study on Paul Bryant Group management handling of Camilla provides a clear insight into the plight many women go through in our society particularly at workstations during and after maternity leave. The big issue in most cases is that women are seen as being less committed to their bosses or employer since they are now mothers. Many companies today are settling out of court since they dont want to be viewed by their stakeholders to be treating pregnant women or new mothers as such. In the case study for instance, Camilla’s position as a front desk clerk was unlawfully given to another individual despite her notification and officially being out for maternity leave. The case study is based on various aspects of human resource management that one may encounter in any working station in today’s business world and interesting lessons for future managers. Camilla has the ground for a lawsuit against the Paul Bryant Group. The basis for her lawsuit is rooted in the protection of rights she enjoys and too from the un-procedural dismissal from her previous duty by the supervisor. Firstly, the law protects Camilla against being unfairly selected for redundancy due to her pregnancy or taking maternity leave. Sadly, this is the exact scenario that happened. This should not however have been the case. If her job was genuinely redundant while she was absent, then she was entitled to being offered a suitable alternative vacancy (if one was in the company). Ideally, on terms and conditions not considerably less favorable than those of her old job. As per the case study, this did not happen with Camilla at Good Night Inn. These rights are set out in Employment Rights Act 1996 and the Maternity and Parental Leave Regulations amended in 1999 (Lengnick-Hall et al.,

Job Learning Objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job Learning Objectives - Essay Example This can be found at http://www.bestbuy.com. My responsibilities were mainly in customer service. I worked with the sales team to help people select items that best suited their needs. Most of my time was spent working at the cash register, assisting with checkout. In this shop there was a manager or assistant manager on duty at all times. They rarely overlapped, so there was only one supervisor in the shop at a time. I reported directly to the manager or assistant manager. On our busiest days, there were five employees. The shop I worked in was small, so the largest crew was usually a manager (or assistant), two people working sales, one working on restocking or cleanliness projects and someone at a cash register. We were located along a commercial strip in Taipei. I was always on the floor either at the cash register or working with a customer. The average career path for people in the company consisted of either moving up into management or leaving to find more challenging and bet ter paying employment. Turnover was very high, mainly because most of the employees were young and always moving from job to job. My orientation was very thorough. I was taught how to handle the hardware, such as the cash register, packaging machines and even a hydraulic assist use for lifting heavy equipment. I was also given a day of customer service training.

How to Have Effective Communitcation

How to Have Effective Communitcation Lets throw some light upon what Communication is all about: According to Allen, Communication is the sum of all the things, one person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of others. It is the bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening and understanding. IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: Effective communication is important because one needs to express his ideas clearly and needs to be understood very clearly while communicating. The receiver should understand the message in the same perception as intended by the sender of the message. This is what we call an effective communication. Interestingly though, there are other facets to effective communication when it comes to written communication, popularly known as Seven Cs of Effective Communication. THE IMPORTANCE OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION IN AN ORGANISATION: Communication is the key to motivation, it helps in informing and illuminating the employees about the task to be carried out, the manner they should be performing their task, and how to improve their performance if it is not up to the mark. An Effective Communication is the best source of information to the members of organization for decision-making process as it helps identifying and evaluate alternative course of actions. Communication also plays a fundamental role in altering an individuals attitude, i.e., a well informed individual will have better attitude than a less-informed individual. Organizational magazines, journals, meetings and various other forms of oral and written communication help in moulding employees attitudes. Communication also helps in socializing. In todays life the only presence of another individual fosters communication. Human is a social animal and survival without communication is neither possible nor fruitful. Communication also assists in controlling process in a big way. It helps controlling organizational members behavior in various ways. It is the art of getting work done. There are various levels of hierarchy, certain principles and guidelines that employees must follow in an organization. They must comply with organizational policies, perform their roles efficiently and communicate any work problem and grievance to their superiors. Thus, communication helps in controlling function of management. TYPES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: Letters Memos Circulars Bulletin Reports Instruction cards Manuals In Order to perfect the art of written communication, we have a helping hand known as the Seven Cs Of Communication The principles advocated by Francis J. Bergin. These principles provide guidelines for choice of content, style of presentation, how much is too much etc. Lets take tour of the same. THE SEVEN Cs OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATON For transmitting effective communication written or oral messages, certain principles must be followed. These principles advocated by Francis J. Bergin. Bergin provides guidelines for choice of content and style of presentation adapted to the purpose the receiver of the message. They are also called as Seven Cs of communication. They are: Completeness Conciseness Clarity Correctness Concreteness Consideration Courtesy COMPLETENESS Every communication must be complete and adequate. Incomplete messages keep the receiver guessing, creates misunderstanding and delay actions. Every person should, therefore, be provided with all the required facts and figures. For example, when the factory supervisor instructs workers to produce, he must specify the exact size, shape, quality and cost of the product. Any assumptions behind the message should also be clarified. While answering a letter, all the questions raised in the letter must be replied. A complete message offers the following benefits: Complete messages are more likely to bring the desired results without the expense of additional messages. They can do a better job of building goodwill. Messages that contain information the receiver needs show concern for others. Complete messages can help advert costly lawsuit that may result if information is missing. Communication that seems inconsequential can be surprisingly important if the information they contain is complete and effective. It is advised that while answering a letter one should make sure that all the questions are answered. The message is not complete, if it fails to answer questions like : What is the meeting about? When is it? and Where? CONCISENESS In business communication, you should be brief and able to say whatever you have to say in fewest possible words without sacrificing the other C qualities. A concise message is complete without being wordy. Conciseness is desired because of the following benefits: A concise message saves time and expense for both sender and receiver. Conciseness contributes to emphasis; by eliminating unnecessary words, you let important ideas stand out. When combined with a YOU-VIEW, concise message are inherently more interesting to recipients as they avoid unnecessary information. There is no hard and fast rule for the length of a letter. A two page letter seems short, while a ten line letter may seem all too long depending upon the event and situation. CLARITY The message should be put in simple terms to ensure clarity. Words must mean the same thing to receiver as they do the sender. Complex issues must be compressed in to themes, slogans or stereotypes that have simplicity and clarity. In order to ensure clarity in oral communications, you should use accurate and familiar words with proper intonation, stresses and pauses. Thoughts should be clear and well organized. The important considerations in attaining clarity are as follows: Choose precise, concrete and familiar simple words. Construct effective sentences and paragraphs. In short, simple and short words are more effective than pompous and heady words. Using the K-I-S-S Method Keep It Short and Simple! If the message does not help recognizes who actually the person is? It may be possible to have many people with same name in an organisation. What great work he/she has done? When? And what he/she is expected to do now? It is not a clear message. CORRECTNESS The term correctness, as applied to business messages means right level of language and accuracy of facts, figures and words. If the information is not correctly conveyed, the sender will lose credibility. Transmission of incorrect information to superior will vitiate decision making process. Transmission of incorrect messages, grammatical errors should also be avoided. All the messages must be transmitted and responded to at the most appropriate time. Outdated information is useless. Since communication is an expensive process, transmitting outdated information involves wastage of time, money and human resources. The principle of correct timing also stipulates that you communicate your message at a time when it is likely to prove most effective. CONCRETENESS Concreteness of messages is an essential requirement of effective communication. It means being specific, definite, and vivid rather than vague and general. In oral communication, we cant draw tables, diagrams, or graphs to make our statement vivid, but we can precise words to convey the correct messages and support it by relevant facts and figures. If the message is specific, there would be increased likelihood that the message is interpreted by the receiver as intended by sender. For sending concrete messages, the following guidelines should be followed: Use concrete expressions. Use specific facts and figures. Put action in your verbs. Choose vivid, image-building words. Facts lend credibility to our communication since it is not possible to refute them. Concrete expressions create visual images that are easy to register. So instead of vague, generalized statements, definite facts should be given. The statements with no passion, no vivid detail, having nothing that creates emotion and nothing that tells people in the audience why they should care does not work well. CONSIDERATION Consideration means preparing the message with the receiver in mind. In order to communicate effectively, the sender should think and look from the receivers angle. He should adopt a humane approach and understand the emotions and sentiments of the receiver. The socio-psychological background of the receiver must be understood. The golden rule First understand than be understood should be followed. It should be noted that consideration underlies the other 6 Cs of the communication. Four special ways to indicate considerations are as follows: Focus on You instead of I and We. Show audience benefit or interest in the receiver. Emphasis positive, pleasant facts. Show empathy. Ask how you would feel if you were to receive this message. Consideration also requires emphasizing positive and pleasant facts. To say no, sorry,regret,disagree should not be used in direct and straight forward manner. COURTESY Courtesy stems from a sincere you-attitude. It is not merely politeness with mechanical insertions of please and thank you, although applying socially accepted manners is a form of courtesy. Rather it is politeness that grows out of respect and concern for others. In business discussions, you should say things with force and assertiveness without being rude. The following guidelines should be observed to ensure courtesy: Thank generously for a favour. When someone does a favour to us, acknowledge it promptly and thank the person. Apologize for an omission. If you had committed a mistake, express regret promptly and sincerely. Avoid irritating expressions. Words and expressions having negative connotation should not be used in the message. Use of non-discriminatory expressions that reflect equal treatment of people regardless of gender, race, ethics, origin and physical features. Below mentioned are some useful guidelines to advice staff members in the organization on how to best communicate effectively: 12 guidelines: Take sufficient time to effectively communicate. Care. Learn to be empathic. Be honest and sincere. One of the cruelest things one can do to another person is to not acknowledge that person. Develop a sense of belonging when interacting with others. Be welcoming and inclusive. Regularly, in your daily life, interact with persons whose culture, race, ethnicity and other identifiers and important characteristics are different than your own. Welcome persons with disabilities. Person with a disability is the preferred manner of speech, versus disabled person. Place the person before the disability. Spend quality time with persons whose backgrounds are different than yours. Set an example by being welcoming and inclusive to everyone. Learn to pronounce names correctly. Make a concerted effort to do so and to remember names.

Macbeths Implacable Guilt Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth's Implacable Guilt      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth underscores the important and usually unforeseen effect of sin, that of guilt. The guilt is so deep that Lady Macbeth is pushed to suicide, and Macbeth fares only slightly better.    Blanche Coles states in Shakespeare's Four Giants that, regarding guilt in the play:    Briefly stated, and with elaborations to follow, Macbeth is the story of a kindly, upright man who was incited and goaded, by the woman he deeply loved, into committing a murder and then, because of his sensitive nature, was unable to bear the heavy burden of guilt that descended upon him as a result of that murder. (37)    A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy demonstrates the guilt of Macbeth from the very beginning:    Precisely how far his mind was guilty may be a question; but no innocent man would have started, as he did, with a start of fear at the mere prophecy of a crown, or have conceived thereupon immediately the thought of murder. Either this thought was not new to him, or he had cherished at least some vaguer dishonourable dream, the instantaneous recurrence of which, at the moment of his hearing of prophecy, revealed to him an inward and terrifying guilt. (316)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson comments regarding the guilt of the protagonist:    It is a subtler thing which constitutes the chief fascination that the play exercises upon us - this fear Macbeth feels, a fear not fully defined, for him or for us, a terrible anxiety that is a sense of guilt without becoming (recognizably, at least) a sense of sin. It is not a sense of sin because he refuses to recognize such a category; and, in his stubbornne... ...    Frye, Northrop. Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1967.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.